a. The following readings were obtained using the standard penetration apparatus:

Find the penetration value of the sample.

Explain how one can ensure the needle just touching the surface of the bitumen in the can?

The penetration of asphalt is used by grading systems.

How does penetration correlate to the viscosity of asphalts?

Problem No. 1: (10 poiniS): a. The following readings were obtained using the standard penetration apparatus: Trial Reading on penetrometer 1 93 2 88 3 90 4 87 5 92 Find the penetration value of the sample. Explain how one can ensure the needle just touching the surface of the bitumen in the can? Penetration of asphalt is used by grading systems. How does penetration correlate to viscosity of asphalts? Problem No. 2: (10 _points): In the following statements, indicate whether the statement is true or false and briefly justify your answer, ) In softening point test on bituminous materials, the fall distance of the steel balls under their weight is 2.54 mm (0.1in) B. ( A. ( ) High penetration values indicate that the bituminous materials are relatively rigid. c.( ) Surface saturated dray condition for coarse aggregates is achieved when aggregate surfaces are no longer shiny under a light source. D. ( ) In ductility test of asphalt, the rate of change of length is 50mm/Sec E. ( ) In general, the fine aggregates used in the asphalt mixes has a higher bulk density than coarse aggregates.