A thin sheet of aluminum is subjected to a complex stamping operation. Prior to stamping, a circle of 0.345 in diameter was etched onto the sheet's surface. After stamping, the circle had changed into an ellipse with a major axis of 0.425 in and a minor axis of 0.365 in. (a) Determine the effective strain in the region of the ellipse. (b) If we assume that a condition of plane stress prevailed and that the ratio = 21 remained constant during deformation, find the numerical value of the ratio of 1 which would have existed.