A three-dimensional wing is represented in approximation by means of a single horse-shoe vortex, with constant circulation F. This corresponds to a uniform lift distribution along the span b, and a vortex wake of two concentrated tip vortices. The flight speed is V... a. Calculate the lift of the wing, and use the result to express I in terms of the lift coefficient C of the wing. b. Calculate the induced angle of attack at the midpoint of the span (y=0) and relate this to and the wing aspect ratio A. c. Determine the velocity induced by the complete horse-shoe vortex at the point located in the symmetry plane of the wing (y=0) and in the plane of the vortices (z=0), at a distance b/2 downstream of the wing (x=b/2). d. The same as (c), but now for the point b/2 upstream of the wing (x=-b/2).