a) Tool used to assist performance improvement of underperforming employees or those employees who have demonstrated unsatisfactory behaviour and conduct in the workplace. b) A numeric rating scale, often 1 to 5, with 1 being unsatisfactory and 5 exceeding expectations. The manager rates an employee's performance on a variety of job behaviours, e.g., quality of work, punctuality, initiative, teamwork, etc., and will support the rating with examples of performance. c) This method is a combination of critical incident and rating scales. Employee performance is rated on a scale, but the scale points are anchored with critical incidents. These are areas of behaviour that have critical significance to the performance of the job role, either positively or negatively