A) What's the difference between civil and criminal cases?

B) Why are criminal defendants not referred to as "criminals" before their convictions? By what noun(s) or name(s) are they typically referred to before their convictions?

C)Id like to see a description of some of the key differences between the legal theories of "Law on the Books" and "Law in Action." Briefly define each type (hint: discretion, human factors, plea bargaining, high caseloads, etc.).

D)I'd like to see an actual or your own hypothetical example of how a "Law in Action" perspective might complement a "Law on the Books" approach in the criminal justice system (hint: decisions made by legal actors such as prosecutors, defense attorneys, defendants, judges, or juries).