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(a) one of the corporations controlled, directly (b) both of the corporations were controlly or indirect the same person or group of persons; a person and the person who so controlled one of the corperation manner whatever, by person who so controlled the other, and either of those perations was related to the each corporation, not less than 25 percent of specified class, of the capital stock thereof; the issued shares of any class, other inect of (d) one of the corporations was controlled, directly or indirectly in any manner whatever, by a person and that person was related to each member of a group of persons that so controlled the other corporation, and that person owned, in respect of the other corporation, not less than 25 percent of the (e) each of the corporations was contro of one of the related in any manner whatever, by a related group of the other related group, and one or more persons who wers related to all of the mem related groups, either alone or together, owned, in respect of each coremersers of less than 25 percent of the issued shares of any class, other than a speciforporation, not capital stock thereof. C. Advise Healthy Bites Lid. as to the recommended course of action AP 14-3 (Associated Corporations) The following situations are independent of each other. All of the corporations involved are CCPCs and have only one authorized class of shares. A. Circle Ltd. owns 51% of the shares of Loop Ltd., which in turn owns 51% of the shares of Ring Ltd. B. Gerald Stone owns 75% of the shares of Rock Ltd. and 85% of the shares of Boulder Ltd. C. The percentage share ownership of Jukebox Ltd. and Vending Ltd. are as follows: None of the individuals are related to each other. D. Rainer Gosling owns 100% of the shares of Fowl Ltd. Beatrice Owlet, Rainer's sister, owns 100% of the shares of Capon Ltd. Rainer, Beatrice, and their mother and father each own 25% of the shares of Pullet Ltd. E. Ryan McLain owns 62% of the shares of McLain Ltd. and 40% of the shares of Chatelaine Ltd. McLain Ltd. owns 18% of the shares of Chatelaine Ltd. F. Melissa Andrews owns 75% of the shares of Andrews Ltd. and 25% of the shares of Statler Ltd. Jeremy Statler, Melissa's brother, owns 75% of the shares of Statler Ltd. and 25% of the shares of Andrews Ltd. Required: For each of the preceding stuations, indicato whether the corporations the and explain your conclusion with reference to the ITA. In or wert Associated corporations - For the purposes of this Act, ofe ITA 256(1) Associated corporations associated with another one of the corporations controlled, directly or indrectly in ary (b) both of the corporations were controled (c) each of the corporations was controlled, diectly or indirectly in any mannor whethet by each corporation, not less than 25 percent of specified class, of the capital stock thereof. the other corporation, and that person owned, in respect of the other corporason, netint ing than 25 percent of the issued shares of any class, other than a speofied class, of the capital stock thereof; or (e) each of the corporations was controlled, directly or indirectly in any munner whuthes by a related group and each of the members of one of the related groups was reluted to ald the members of the other related group, and one or more persons who were menbind both related groups, either alone or togothec, owned, in respect of each corponition sut less than 25 percent of the issued shares of any class, other than a specified cass, of the capital stock thereof. AP 14-4 (Associated Corporations) Each of the following is an independent case involving the ownership of voting sharas of corch All of the corporations have taxation years that end on December 31 and have only one authotad class of shares. A. Mr. Bond owns 55% of Samen inc. Samen Inc. Owns 40% of Bano Lid. Mr. Bond also owa 14% of Hax Ltd., Which in turn owns 54% of the shares of Bano Ltd. Mr. Bons's 10yeract daughter owns 6% of the shares of Barxo Ltd. B. Mr. Jones, Mr. Knight, and Mr. Long are three unrelated individuals. - Mr. Jones owns 50% of the shares of Anix Inc. and 25% of the shares of Brex the - Mr. Knight owns 50% of the shares of Brex Lid. - Mr. Long owns 50% of the shares of Anix Inc. and 25% of the shares of Brex Lat C. Sam Scully owns 60% of Scully lnc. His sistec, Susan Wison, owns 80\% of Wison Las ard 30% of Scully Inc. Sam Scully also owns 10% of Wison Ltd. D. Joan and Sarah Lartch are sisters. Joan owns 100% of the shares of JL Inc. and 31% dr tre shares of Meadow Ltd. Her sister Sarah owns 60% of the shares of SL Inc., with the merranny 40% of the shares held by her mother. Sarah also owns 39% of the shares of Meadow Lad The remaining shares of Meadow Ltd. are held by an unrelated person. E. John and May Carp each own 30% of the shares of Jomay Inc. Serge and Beth Cap exchow 45% of the shares of Besa Ltd. John and Serge Carp are brothers. Beth Carp owns 40% of tot shares of Jomay Inc. and May Carp owns 10% of the shares of Besa Lid. equired: For each of the preceding cases, determine whether the corporabons are asspocand nswering this question, we have provided you with the content of ITA 256 (11). ITA 256(1) Associated corporations-For the purposes of this Act, one corporition of associated with another in a taxation year if, at amy time in the year