ABC experiences a net operating loss of $$200,000$ in $2020$ and takes advantage of the carryforward provision and evaluates that it is more likely than not that the company will not realize the entire NOL carryforward in future years. Assuming a tax rate of $20\%,$ which statement is true?

a$.$ An income tax benefit is $$40,000$

b$.$ An income tax expense is $$40,000$

c$.$ All of the above, Chp $18$ Video $3,$ and ppt slides

d$.$ None of the above

May you explain why all of the above is the answer? Thanks!