ACC, Inc. provided the following items in their footnotes for the year-end 2017: Cost of goods sold was $18.2 billion under LIFO costing and their year-end inventory value under FIFO costing was $3.4 billion. The LIFO Reserve for year-end 2016 had a $1.1 billion balance. Additionally, their 2017 year-end inventory under LIFO costing was $2.4 billion. How much is the 2017 Cost of goods sold under FIFO costing?

a. $17.1 billion b. $17.2 billion c. $18.3 billion d. $18.2 billion e. $18.1 billion f. $19.2 billion