According to a 2014 research study of national student engagement in the U.S., the average college student spends 17 hours per week studying. A professor believes that students at her college study less than 17 hours per week. The professor distributes a survey to a random sample of 80 students enrolled at the college.

From her survey data the professor calculates that the mean number of hours per week spent studying for her sample is: x= 15.6 hours per week with a standard deviation of s = 4.5 hours per week.

The professor chooses a 5% level of significance. What can she conclude from her data?

1. The data supports the professor's claim. The average number of hours per week spent studying for students at her college is less than 17 hours per week.
2. The professor cannot conclude that the average number of hours per week spent studying for students at her college is less than 17 hours per week. The sample mean of 15.6 is not significantly less than 17.
3. Nothing. The conditions for use of a t-model are not met. The professor cannot trust that the p-value is accurate for this reason.