Question
According to Sung et al. (1), a clinical trial titled PRIDE (Program to Reduce Incontinence by Diet and Exercise) evaluated 338 obese and overweight women
According to Sung et al. (1), a clinical trial titled PRIDE (Program to Reduce Incontinence by Diet and Exercise) evaluated 338 obese and overweight women aged 30 or older who had urinary incontinence symptoms. The study found that women with depression symptoms (N = 101) reported more episodes of incontinence per week (28 vs 23; P = 0.005).
a. How was this study designed?
b. It is possible that depression increases the frequency of urinary incontinence. Is there another explanation for this association, and how might changing the study design help you figure it out?
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