According to the 1980 Census, the United States population was approximately 226,540,000 in 1980. It grew to approximately 323,120,000 at the beginning of 2016. Using Census data for 1980 and estimates derived from mortality data for 2016, we arrive at the population estimates given in the table below: The table below provides the year, total population, and population estimates for three age categories. Year Total Population Ages 15 - 24 Ages 25 - 44 Ages 45 - 64 1980 226,540,000 42,475,000 62,707,000 44,497,000 2016 323,120,000 43,500,000 85,150,000 84,300,000 The National Center for Health Statistics published a document entitled "Health, United States, 2015: With Special Feature on Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities" that includes a table listing the leading causes of death in 1980 by age bracket. The CDC further produced a National Vital Statistics Reports that provided similar information for the year 2016. Using the Causes of Death in 1980 and 2016 spreadsheet located under the Discussion: Causes of Death in 1980 and 2016 Resources, you will find the leading causes of death in both 1980 and 2016 for the three age categories. Each of the first 3 questions has both a computational part and a discussion part. To get full credit for each of the discussion parts, please cite a reference to support your claims. This should not be an excessively difficult task: you can easily find information online for most of the illnesses or other causes listed in the report. All you need to do is provide the website you used (though other resources are also permitted if you prefer to use one of those). 1. Assuming that the population numbers in the above table are relatively accurate, use the Causes of Death in 1980 and 2016 spreadsheet to compute the deaths per 1000 people for each age group (15-24, 25- 44, and 45-64) in both 1980 and 2016. Deaths per 1000 people is computed using the formula = (all causes deaths of age category) / (total population of age category) *1000 " Do not round your answer to the nearest whole number, provide at least 3 decimal places (but no more than 5). Give these 6 values and then cite a reference to discuss what might account for the changes between the deaths per 1000 in 1 of these 3 age categories between 1980 and 2016. 2. Besides the changes in the overall death rate in the past 3 decades, the leading causes of death vary somewhat between 1980 and 2016. Choose 1 of the 3 age ranges and select 1 cause of death from the Discussion Data spreadsheet that strikes you as noteworthy and that appears in both the 1980 and 2016 lists. For the cause of death that you selected, compute the number of deaths per 1000 in both 1980 and 2016 for your chosen age group. Do not round your answer to the nearest whole number, provide at least 3 decimal places. Cite a reference to discuss the possible reasons for any changes in the rates over this period. (2 calculations with answers) 3. Not only do the leading causes of death vary across time, but they also vary significantly for different age ranges. Looking only at the 2016 data, choose a cause of death that appears in both the 25-44 and 45-64 age categories and compute the number of deaths per 1000 people for both age categories. Do not round your answer to the nearest whole number, provide at least 2 decimal places. Cite a reference to discuss a possible reason for any differences in these values as people advance in age. (2 calculations with answers) 4. Contemplating causes of death might strike some people as unpleasant or even morbid. However, the Bible encourages us to give some thought to the fact of our own mortality. Ecclesiastes 7:2-4 says: "It is better to go to the house of mourning than to go to the house of feasting, for this is the end of all mankind, and the living will lay it to heart. Sorrow is better than laughter, for by sadness of face the heart is made glad. The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning, but the heart of fools is in the house of mirth." It is interesting to consider why the author of Ecclesiastes encourages the wise to go to the house of mourning and the living1. Assuming that the population numbers in the above table are relatively accurate, use the Causes of Death in 1980 and 2016 spreadsheet to compute the deaths per 1000 people for each age group {15-24, 25 44, and 4564) in both 1980 and 2016. - Deaths per 1000 people is computed using theformula = (all causes deaths of age category] / (total population of age category) *1000 - Do not round your answer to the nearest whole number, provide at least 3 decimal places (but no more than 5). - Give these 6 values and then cite a reference to discuss what might account for the changes between the deaths per 1000 in 1 of these 3 age categories between 1980 and 2016. 2. Besides the changes in the overall death rate in the past 3 decades. the leading causes of death vary somewhat between 1980 and 2016. Choose 1 of the 3 age ranges and select 1 cause of death from the Discussion Data spreadsheet that strikes you as noteworthy and that appears in both the 1980 and 2016 lists. For the cause of death that you selected, compute the number ofdeaths per 1000 in both 1980 and 2016 foryour chosen age group. Do not round your answerto the nearest whole number, provide at least 3 decimal places. Cite a reference to discuss the possible reasons for any changes in the rates overthis period. (2 calculations with answers) 3. Not only do the leading causes of death vary across time, but they also vary significantly for different age ranges. Looking only at the 2016 data. choose a cause of death that appears in both the 2544 and 4564 age categories and compute the number of deaths per 1000 people for both age categories. Do not round your answer to the nearest whole number. provide at least 2 decimal places. Cite a reference to discuss a possible reason for any differences in these values as people advance in age. {2 calculations with answers} 4. Contemplating causes of death might strike some people as unpleasant or even morbid. However, the Bible encourages us to give some thought to the fact of our own mortality. Ecclesiastes 7:274 says: "It is betterto go to the house of mourning than to go to the house of feasting, forthis is the end of all mankind. and the living will lay it to heart. Sorrow is better than laughter, for by sadness of face the heart is made glad. The heart of the wise is in the house of mourning. but the heart offools is in the house of mirth." It is interesting to consider why the author of Ecclesiastes encourages the wise to go to the house of mourning and the living to lay the end ofall mankind to heart. What value might there be in thinking about the, admittedly uncomfortable. subject of the end of all mankind? What comes to your mind when you consider this topic? A B D E F G H I J K 1980 2016 2 Population 226,540,000 Population 323,120,000 3 Deaths Deaths 4 All causes 1,989,841 All causes 2,744,248 5 Diseases of heart 761,085 Diseases of heart 635,260 6 Malignant neoplasms 416,509 Malignant neoplasms 598,038 7 Cerebrovascular diseases 170,225 Unintentional injuries 161,374 8 Unintentional injuries 105,718 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 154,596 9 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 56,050 Cerebrovascular diseases 142,142 10 Pneumonia and influenza 54,619 Alzheimer's disease 116,103 11 Diabetes mellitus 34,851 Diabetes mellitus 80,058 12 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 30,583 Influenza and pneumonia 51,537 13 Atherosclerosis 29,449 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 50,046 14 Suicide 26,869 Suicide 44,965 15 6 Ages 15 - 24 Ages 15 - 24 17 Population 42,475,000 Population 43,500,000 18 Deaths Deaths 19 All causes 49,027 All causes 32,575 20 Unintentional injuries 26,206 Unintentional injuries 13,895 21 Homicide 6,537 Suicide 5,723 22 Suicide 5,239 Homicide 5,172 23 Malignant neoplasms 2,683 Malignant neoplasms 1,431 24 Diseases of heart 1,223 Diseases of heart 949 25 Congenital anomalies 600 Congenital malformations/abnormalities 388 26 Cerebrovascular diseases 418 Diabetes mellitus 211 27 Pneumonia and influenza 348 Chronic lower respiratory disease 206 28 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 141 Influenza and pneumonia 189 29 Anemias 133 Complicated Pregnancy 184 30 3132 33 Ages 25 - 44 Ages 25 - 44 34 Population 62,707,000 Population 85,150,000 35 Deaths Deaths 86 All causes 108,658 All causes 135,408 37 Unintentional injuries 26,722 Unintentional injuries 44,959 38 Malignant neoplasms 17,551 Malignant neoplasms 14,694 39 Diseases of heart 14,513 Suicide 14,396 40 Homicide 10,963 Diseases of heart 13,922 41 Suicide 9,855 Homicide 8,745 42 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 4,782 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 3,776 43 Cerebrovascular diseases 3,154 Diabetes mellitus 2,841 Diabetes mellitus 1,472 Cerebrovascular diseases 2,426 45 Pneumonia and influenza 1,467 HIV disease 1,517 46 Congenital anomalies 817 Septicemia 1,316 47 48 49 Ages 45 - 64 Ages 45 - 64 50 Population 44,497,000 Population 84,300,000 51 Deaths Deaths All causes 425,338 All causes 539,961 Diseases of heart 148,322 Malignant neoplasms 157,655 54 Malignant neoplasms 135,675 Diseases of heart 112,637 55 Cerebrovascular diseases 19,909 Unintentional injuries 45,237 56 Unintentional injuries 18,140 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 21,812 57 Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 16,089 Chronic lower respiratory diseases 22,117 58 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 11,514 Diabetes mellitus 20,518 59 Diabetes mellitus 7,977 Cerebrovascular diseases 17,663 60 Suicide 7,079 Suicide 16,196 61 Pneumonia and influenza 5,804 Septicemia 8,413 Homicide 4,019 Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis 7,790 63 64