The aim of this assignment is to assess your understanding of the fundamental fluid mechanics knowledge and capability to apply the fundamental theory to real world problems. Objectives: To understand the hydrostatic pressure and hydrostatic force acting on the submerged surfaces. To understand minor and frictional losses in the pipe flow and be able to use a Moody Diagram to determine the frictional coefficient, then calculate the frictional losses in the pipe flow. To understand the working principle of the pumping system and be able to design a suitable piping system and select an appropriate pump to evacuate the water from a reservoir. Overview Figure 1 shows the flow pipe to evacuate the water from Taddbrook Reservoir. Severe damage was caused to the Toddbrook Reservoir Dam in Whaley Bridge due to heavy rain in August, 2019. Figure 1 shows the flow pipes used to pump water out of the reservoir to try and stop up to 300 million gallons of water bursting through the damaged dam. Following the incident, an independent review has been conducted to explore the reason for the collapse and provide the guidance for securing the reservoir in future. As a graduate engineer, you are required to join the team to work on the project to investigate the causation of the failure. As a part of the training programme, you are required to assess the performance of a small reservoir by calculating of hydrostatic pressure and forces acting on the dam. You also need to design the pump and pipe flow system to evacuate the water in the event of an emergency. Details of the small reservoir and the tasks required are shown below. Tasks: 1. Literature review for the damage of Toddbrook Reservoir Dam caused by heavy rain (maximum 1 page). 2. Case study: a solution to pump out the water for a small reservoir in an emergency. (a) (b) Dam 3m Dam (c) Figure 2 (a) The schematic figure of the small reservoir, (b) the cross section of Dam; (c) river near the reservoir. Figure 2 shows the small reservoir used for recreational fishing purposes, located in southern England. A potential structural problem in the dam has been detected and precautional measures need to be carried out to reduce the risk of further damage, including lowering the water in the reservoir to an acceptable level. The capacity of the reservoir is approximately 30,000 m, the length of the dam, as is shown in Figure 2, is 50 m, and the height of dam is 3 m. The engineers on site are planning to reduce the water level in the reservoir by 1 m within 72 hours by discharging the water from reservoir to a river nearby. The river is 100 m away from the reservoir and 3 m below the altitude of the reservoir. As a graduate engineer, you must prepare a report to provide the technical assessment including the hydrostatic pressure and hydrostatic forces acting on the dam before and after the water level is reduced. The report also needs to include the volume of water that needs to be pumped out. You need to design a pump and pipe system to discharge the water into the river from the reservoir. You need to use the relevant fluid mechanics knowledge, such as laminar/turbulent flow, the steady flow in the pipe, head loss, pump, etc for this design. The main subtasks are: Calculate the hydraulic pressure and forces acting on the inner surface of the dam before and after the water level is reduced. Estimate how much water must be pumped out of the reservoir. Sketch/draw the pipe network you designed. Select the materials for the pipe and indicate the reasons for your selection (sizes of the pipe are also provided). Calculation of all head losses, including the frictional losses and minor losses. Select a suitable pump and indicate the reason for your selection (pump performance curves are provided in the addition information). Plot the system characteristic and pump performance curves to identify the operation point of the pump. Evaluate your design 3. Write up the Report Report Content You are required to submit an individual report to describe and evaluate your design underpinning the basic fluid mechanics theory. Template of the Structure of Report can be found from Department of Engineering Student page on Moodle. (The report is limited to 12 pages including the references) Report Structure and Style Your report should have the following sections: . Title . Abstract Introduction (Include: literature review to describe why the issue is so important; briefly describe the aim and objectives of the assignment and the tasks need to be done) Methods (Describe the methods used to assess the hydraulic forces acting on the dam and your solutions to reduce the risk of severe damage of dam). Results (Present the calculations and results for each subtask) . Discussion (Describe the merits and limitations of your design and evaluate its efficiency. Discuss your design solution in the context of the literature) . Conclusion . References Workflow Literature survey Literature review for collapse of Dam of Todderbrook Reservior Discussion of the possible reason for the accident What should the Engineers learnt from the accident 2. Case study for a small reservior Calculate hydraulic pressure and force acting on the dam Design of pipe flow system to pump the water out from reservoir 3. Complete the report Evaluation of your design Complete the report