ACCTG 323 Answer All questions QUESTION 1: Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that has caused havoc around the world. It was first identified in December 2019 and since has infected millions of people and was declared a global pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). As the virus continues to spread, there is a race to find a vaccine. According to the WHO, vaccines save millions of lives each year. Vaccines work by training and preparing the body's natural defences i.e. the immune system to recognize and fight off the viruses and bacteria they target. If the body is exposed to those disease-causing germs later, the body is immediately ready to destroy them, preventing illness. New Zealand is part of a global coalition of countries cooperating to find a COVID-19 vaccine as quickly as possible. In May 2020, the Government announced a $37 million vaccine programme to support domestic and international work. The aim of this programme is to ensure access to a safe and effective vaccine in order to implement New Zealand's preferred immunisation programme at the earliest possible time. Since May 2020, the New Zealand government has allocated significant extra funding, in the order of hundreds of millions of dollars, to access a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine as soon as it becomes available. Here is an extract from a progress report released by the government in August 2020: "Locally, the Government is investing in COVID-19 vaccine research and manufacturing capability... We are also investing in local manufacturing, which may provide us with the ability to contribute to global supply. Biocell * will receive $3 million to upgrade existing facilities so that it has the necessary scale to support global vaccine supply. This also provides the potential for New Zealand to manufacture COVID-19 vaccines locally." *BioCell is a biotechnology company with manufacturing and production facilities in Auckland and a testing facility in Otago. Required: a) Explain what is a program logic model and design one for the COVID-19 vaccine programme following the five steps outlined in the diagram below. Give examples of performance measures for each element of the model that can inform the evaluation of the programme. (20 marks)ACCTG 323 QUESTION 1 Continued: Creating Program Logic Models 45 Flame 3.? Steps in Creating a Program Logic Model b) Describe Results-Based Accountability and explain how it could be used to evaluate the COVID19 programme. Include examples of performance measures that could be used by the evaluators. (5 marks) (Total for Question: 25 marks) QUESTION 2: a) Explain how cost-benet analysis (CBA) could be used to perform an appraisal of the COVID-l 9 programme and government investment in the vaccine. Identify the relevant main stakeholders and the benets and costs attributable to each. (15 marks) b) Discuss how these benets and costs could be estimated for each stakeholder group. Wore: you do not need to estimate these). (10 marks) (Total for Question: 25 marks)