(Adapted from Kasap 9.18) Optical fibers in communications Optical fibers for long-haul applications usually have a core region that has a diameter of about 10 m, and the whole fiber would be about 125 m in diameter. The core and cladding refractive indices, n1 and n2, respectively, are normally only 0.30.5 percent different. Consider a fiber with n1(core) = 1.4510, and n2(cladding) = 1.4477, both at 1550 nm. a. What is the maximum angle that a light ray can make with the fiber axis if it is still to propagate along the fiber? b. Based on the figure for attenuation in optical fiber (Fig. 9.26 in Kasap book, also included in the lecture notes), calculate the attenuation (or absorption) coefficient for optical fiber at a wavelength of 1550 nm (and compare to the absorption coefficient for typical semiconductors). c. Consider an optical fiber connecting Gainesville and Orlando, which is approximately 120 miles long. If 1 W of optical power (at the wavelength of 1550 nm) is fed into the fiber from the Gainesville end, how much power can be received in Orlando? Assume there is no other loss of optical intensity except the attenuation within the fiber.