After graduating with a degree in business from Eastern University in Campus Town, USA, Michael Woods realized that he wanted to remain in Campus Town. After a number of unsuccessful attempts at getting a job in his discipline, Michael decided to go into business for himself. In thinking about his business venture, Michael determined that he had four criteria for the new business: 1. He wanted to do something that he would enjoy. 2. He wanted a business that would give back to the community. 3. He wanted a business that would grow and be more successful every year. 4. Realizing that he was going to have to work very hard, Michael wanted a business that would generate a minimum net income of $25,000 annually. While refl ecting on the criteria he had outlined, Michael, who had been president of his fraternity and served as an offi cer in several other student organizations, realized that there was no place in Campus Town to have custom sweatshirts made using a silk-screen process. When student organizations wanted sweatshirts for their members or to market on campus, the offi cers had to make a trip to a city 100 miles away to visit Shirts and More. Michael had worked as a part-time employee at Shirts and More while he was in high school and had envisioned owning such a shop. He realized that a sweatshirt shop in Campus Town had the potential to meet all four of his criteria. Michael set up an appointment with Jayne Stoll, the owner of Shirts and More, to obtain information useful in getting his shop started. Because Jayne liked Michael and was intrigued by his entrepreneurial spirit, she answered many of Michaels questions. In addition, Jayne provided information concerning the type of equipment Michael would need for his business and its average useful life. Jayne knows a competitor who is retiring and would like to sell his equipment. Michael can purchase the equipment at the beginning of 2013, and the owner is willing to give him terms of 50% due upon purchase and 50% due the quarter following the purchase. Michael decided to purchase the following equipment as of January 1, 2013. Hand-operated press that applies ink to the shirt cost $7,500 useful life 5 yrs. Light-exposure table cost 1,350 useful life10 yrs. Dryer conveyer belt that makes ink dry on the shirts cost 2,500 useful life 10 yrs. Computer with graphics software and color printer cost 3,500 useful life 4 yrs. Display furniture cost 2,000 useful life10 yrs. Used cash register cost 500 useful life 5 yrs. Michael has decided to use the sweatshirt supplier recommended by Jayne. He learned that a gross of good-quality sweatshirts to be silk-screened would cost $1,440. Jayne has encouraged Michael to ask the sweatshirt supplier for terms of 40% of a quarters purchases to be paid in the quarter of purchase, with the remaining 60% of the quarters purchases to be paid in the quarter following the purchase. Michael also learned from talking with Jayne that the ink used in the silkscreen process costs approximately $0.75 per shirt. Knowing that the silk-screen process is somewhat labor-intensive, Michael plans to hire six college students to help with the process. Each one will work an average of 20 hours per week for 50 weeks during the year. Michael estimates total annual wages for the workers to be $72,000. In addition, Michael will need one person to take orders, bill customers, and operate the cash register. Cary Sue Smith, who is currently Director of Student Development at Eastern University, has approached Michael about a job in sales. Cary Sue knows the offi cers of all of the student organizations on campus. In addition, she is very active in the community. Michael thinks Cary Sue can bring in a lot of business. In addition she also has the clerical skills needed for the position. Because of her contacts, Michael is willing to pay Cary Sue $1,200 per month plus a commission of 10% of sales. Michael estimates Cary Sue will spend 50% of the workday focusing on sales, and the remaining 50% will be spent on clerical and administrative duties. Michael realizes that he will have diffi culty fi nding a person skilled in computer graphics to generate the designs to be printed on the shirts. Jayne recently hired a graphics designer in that position for Shirts and More at a rate of $500 per month plus $0.10 for each shirt printed. Michael believes he can fi nd a university graphics design student to work for the same rate Jayne is paying her designer. Michael was fortunate to fi nd a commercial building for rent near the university and the downtown area. The landlord requires a one-year lease. Although the monthly rent of $1,000 is more than Michael had anticipated paying, the building is nice, has adequate parking, and there is room for expansion. Michael anticipates that 75% of the building will be used in the silk-screen process and 25% will be used for sales. Michaels fraternity brothers have encouraged him to advertise weekly in the Eastern University student newspaper. Upon inquiring, Michael found that a 30 3 30 ad would cost $25 per week. Michael also plans to run a weekly ad in the local newspaper that will cost him $75 per week. Michael wants to sell a large number of quality shirts at a reasonable price. He estimates the selling price of each customized shirt to be $16. Jayne has suggested that he should ask customers to pay for 70% of their purchases in the quarter purchased and pay the additional 30% in the quarter following the purchases. After talking with the insurance agent and the property valuation administrator in his municipality, Michael estimates that the property taxes and insurance on the machinery will cost $2,240 annually; property tax and insurance on display furniture and cash register will total $380 annually. Jayne reminded Michael that maintenance of the machines is required for the silk-screen process. In addition, Michael realizes that he must consider the cost of utilities. The building Michael wants to rent is roughly the same size as the building occupied by Shirts and More. In addition, Shirts and More sells approximately the same number of shirts Michael plans to sell in his store. Therefore, Michael is confi dent that the maintenance and utility costs for his shop will be comparable to the maintenance and utility costs for Shirts and More, which are as follows within the relevant range of zero to 8,000 shirts. Shirts Sold (first number) Maintenance Costs (second number) Utility Costs (third number)

January 2,000 $1,716 $1,100 February 2,110 1,720 1,158 March 2,630 1,740 1,171 April 3,150 1,740 1,198 May 5,000 1,758 1,268 June 5,300 1,818 1,274 July 3,920 1,825 1,205 August 2,080 1,780 1,117 September 8,000 1,914 1,400 October 6,810 1,860 1,362 November 6,000 1,855 1,347 December 3,000 1,749 1,193

Michael estimates the number of shirts to be sold in the fi rst fi ve quarters, beginning January 2013, to be: First quarter, year 1 8,000 Second quarter, year 1 10,000 Third quarter, year 1 20,000 Fourth quarter, year 1 12,000 First quarter, year 2 18,000 Michael decides to establish his company as a corporation. He will invest $10,000 of his personal savings in the company. Seeing how determined his son was to become an entrepreneur, Michaels father offered to co-sign a note for an amount up to $20,000 to help Michael open his sweatshirt shop, Sweats Galore, Inc. However, when Michael and his father approached the loan offi cer at First Guarantee Bank, the loan offi cer asked Michael to produce the following budgets for 2013. Sales budget Schedule of expected collections from customers Shirt purchases budget Schedule of expected payments for purchases Silk-screen labor budget Selling and administrative expenses budget Silk-screen overhead expenses budget Budgeted income statement Cash budget Budgeted balance sheet The loan offi cer advised Michael that the interest rate on a 12-month loan would be 8%. Michael expects the loan to be taken out as of January 1, 2013. Michael has estimated that his income tax rate will be 20%. He expects to pay the total tax due when his returns are fi led in 2014. Instructions Answer the following questions. 1. Do you think it was important for Michael to stipulate his four criteria for the business (see page CA-20), including the goal of generating a net income of at least $25,000 annually? Why or why not? 2. If the company has sales of $12,000 during January of the fi rst year of business, determine the amount of variable and fi xed costs associated with utilities and maintenance using the high-low method for each. (Round unit variable costs to three decimal places where necessary.) 3. Using the format below, prepare a sales budget for the year ending 2013. Sweats Galore, Inc. Sales Budget For the Year Ended December 31, 2013 Quarter 1 2 3 4 Year Expected unit sales Unit selling price Budgeted sales revenue 4. Prepare a schedule of expected collections from customers. Sweats Galore, Inc. Schedule of Expected Collections from Customers For the Year Ending December 31, 2013 Quarter 1 2 3 4 Accounts receivable 1/1/13 0 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter Total collections 5. Michael learned from talking with Jayne that the supplier is so focused on making quality sweatshirts that many times the shirts are not available for several days. She encouraged Michael to maintain an ending inventory of shirts equal to 25% of the next quarters sales. Prepare a shirt purchases budget for shirts using the format provided. Sweats Galore, Inc. Shirt Purchases Budget For the Year Ended December 31, 2013 Quarter 1 2 3 4 Year Shirts to be silk-screened Plus: Desired ending inventory Total shirts required Less: Beginning inventory Total shirts needed Cost per shirt Total cost of shirt purchases 6. Prepare a schedule of expected payments for purchases. Sweats Galore, Inc. Schedule of Expected Payments for Purchases For the Year Ended December 31, 2013 Quarter 1 2 3 4 Accounts payable 1/1/13 0 First quarter Second quarter Third quarter Fourth quarter Total payments. 7. Prepare a silk-screen labor budget. Sweats Galore, Inc. Silk-Screen Labor Budget For the Year Ended December 31, 2013 Quarter 1 2 3 4 Year Units to be produced Silk-screen labor hours per unit Total required silk-screen labor hours Silk-screen labor cost per hour Total silk-screen labor cost 8. Prepare a selling and administrative expenses budget for Sweats Galore, Inc. for the year ending December 31, 2013. Sweats Galore, Inc. Selling and Administrative Expenses Budget For the Year Ended December 31, 2013 Quarter 1 2 3 4 Year Variable expenses: Sales commissions Total variable expenses Fixed expenses: Advertising Rent Sales salaries Offi ce salaries Depreciation Property taxes and insurance Total fi xed expenses Total selling and administrative expenses 9. Prepare a silk-screen overhead expenses budget for Sweats Galore, Inc. for the year ending December 31, 2013. Sweats Galore, Inc. Silk-Screen Overhead Expenses Budget For the Year Ended December 31, 2013 Quarter 1 2 3 4 Year Variable expenses: Ink Maintenance Utilities Graphics design Total variable expenses Fixed expenses: Rent Maintenance Utilities Graphics design Property taxes and insurance Depreciation Total fi xed expenses Total silk-screen overhead Direct silk-screen hours Overhead rate per silk-screen hour .10. Using the information found in the case and the previous budgets, prepare a budgeted income statement for Sweats Galore, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2013. Sweats Galore, Inc. Budgeted Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31, 2013 Sales Cost of goods sold Gross profi t Selling and administrative expenses Income from operations Interest expense Income before income taxes Income tax expense Net income 11. Using the information found in the case and the previous budgets, prepare a cash budget for Sweats Galore, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2013. Sweats Galore, Inc. Cash Budget For the Year Ended December 31, 2013 Quarter 1 2 3 4 Beginning cash balance Add: Receipts Collections from customers Total available cash Less: Disbursements Payments for shirt purchases Silk-screen labor Silk-screen overhead Selling and administrative expenses Payment for equipment purchase Total disbursements Excess (defi ciency) of available cash over disbursements Financing Borrowings Ending cash balance 12. Using the information contained in the case and the previous budgets, prepare a budgeted balance sheet for Sweats Galore, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 2013. Sweats Galore, Inc. Budgeted Balance Sheet December 31, 2013 Assets Cash Accounts receivable Sweatshirt inventory Equipment Less: Accumulated depreciation Total assets New Liabilities and Stockholders Equity Accounts payable Notes payable Interest payable Taxes payable Total liabilities Common stock Retained earnings Total stockholders equity Total liabilities and stockholders equity 13. (a) Using the information contained in the case and the previous budgets, calculate the estimated contribution margin per unit for 2013. (Hint: Silk-screened labor and the taxes are both fi xed costs.) (b) Calculate the total estimated fi xed costs for 2013 (including interest and taxes). (c) Compute the break-even point in units and dollars for 2013. 14. (a) Michael is very disappointed that the company did not have an income of $25,000 for its fi rst year of budgeted operations as he had wanted. How many shirts would the company have had to sell in order to have had a profi t of $25,000? (Ignore changes in income tax expense.) (b) Why does the companys net income differ from its ending cash balance? 15. Do you think it was a good idea to offer Cary Sue a salary plus 10% of sales? Why or why not?