After reviewing the following case study, consider and discuss possible issues that may have contributed to Mr. Albert's relapse:

Immediate determinants -environmental/emotional characteristics of situations associated with relapse

Covert antecedents - subtler, often broader factors that predispose clients to relapse

Based on the information provided in Mr. Albert's case, do you feel that he will or will not relapse again. Why? Why not?

CASE STUDY Mr. Albert is eighteen years old. He is the youngest of the three sons. He has no sister. His parents were originally from a village. They migrated to Aizawl in 1997 in search of better jobs and opportunities. His father died in 2007 and mother in 2009. His eldest brother is a Group B employee under the Mizoram State Government. After the decease of his mother, his eldest brother got married and he stays with them. Being the youngest son, his two elder brothers loved him and cared for his well being. Mr. Albert started taking drugs for the first time when he was fourteen years old. His taking drug at the initial period was not known to his elder brothers and sister in law. After sometime, he started stealing money and other expensive goods from his own house to buy drug. His eldest brother and wife often quarreled because of the missing money and other valuable articles from the house. They suspected each other. His drug addiction was discovered by his eldest brother and tried his level best to reform him but with no good result. His sister-in-law was very angry upon her husband as he put the blame for the missing money and valuable goods on her. As a result of drug addiction, he could no longer be given the same good treatment as before. In fact, he became a bone of argument for the family. Mr. Albert had his early schooling in a village from where he migrated to Aizawl. During this time, his parents were cultivators - practicing shifting cultivation. After migration to Aizawl, the capital of Mizoram, he continued his school in English Medium. His academic performance up to class VIII had been satisfactory. When he studied class IX, he started running away from the school as he had started taking drugs. However, he studied class X in the morning school run privately. After joining the school for five months, he was expelled for non-payment of monthly fees and poor attendance. Mr. Albert stated that he was frustrated and depressed after the death of his mother. He was not given the same treatment by his sister-in-laws as he used to receive during his mother was alive. On holidays, he was left alone at home as his eldest brother and wife spent the leisure time to visit relatives. He felt that by taking drugs he could be happy and forget mother whom he loved very much. He started sniffing dendrite at the age of 16 years and then corex cough syrup. After this, he started Ganja and Heroin. According to him lonesomeness is the main reason for drug addiction. Mr. Albert had tried Heroin and Ganja as well. However, he takes medicinal drugs regularly. He stated that the reason for taking medicinal drugs on regular basis is its easy availability and low-priced price. He used medicinal drugs orally at the early stage but after several use, he used it as intravenous injection. He takes heroin 3-6 times a day as intravenous injection. The frequency of injecting heroin increases or decreases depends on the availability of the drugs. Mr. Albert had attempted to quit drugs many times but he failed to do so. According to him, his failure to stay away from free drugs was due to the influence of his friends. Other contributing factors are distrustful attitudes of other members of the family and the atmosphere in which he lives. Even when he tries to be good, his eldest brother and sisterin-law were suspicious of him all the time and hide the valuable goods when he was at home. When he was trying to live a good life, this suspicious attitude exasperated him and thought that he would never be trusted by his family members. Further he feels isolated from the main stream of the society. He hesitates to join the local church service and other social activities in the locality. Even he was invited by good friends to do the good works (social services), he felt guilty for what he had done and dared not join them. He imagined that other people are talking about his past life without his knowledge. At the same time, he was invited by his codependants everyday to join them. Due to these reasons, he finally relapsed in to drug addict. Mr. Albert has now again completed two months in the rehabilitation center. His improvement in respect of his physical health has been satisfactory. He has also not faced any psychological problems at present. He has been given counseling and guidance to overcome the problems he is likely to face after leaving the treatment center. His elder brothers are also contacted and discuss the problems that may come after his release from the center. His brothers are found to be very co-operative and they accepted the mistakes they had committed on their brother. They also understand that they have to adjust themselves to help their brother to stay free from drugs.