After the financial crisis of 2008, the US government reduced the payroll tax that pays for Social Security from 6.2% to 4.2%. The cap in household income subject to the payroll tax was $118,500 at the time. As a result,

a. disposable incomes rose, which according to the consumption function should cause consumption spending at a given level of GDP to rise

b. all of the above are true

c. households with income over $118,500 a year still paid a lower percentage of their incomes to the payroll tax than households with income under $118,500 a year

d. households earning $200,000 a year still paid more total payroll taxes than those earning $60,000 a year

e. this was a discretionary act of fiscal policy, not an example of automatic stabilizers at work