After World War II (WWII), which ended in 1945, a new world order that stressed globalization and effective multilateral organizations was created and captained by the United States. This new world order appeared unstoppable after the fall of the Soviet Union and the adoption of market practices in most communist countries. However, the rise of populism, nationalism, a reinvigorated Russia, and an ascendant China is threatening this new world order and will lead to a retrenchment of globalization and democracy, and an unraveling of multi-lateral organizations including those that might address climate change. The retrenchment could lead to reductions in trade and foreign direct investment, lower overall growth rates, fewer genuinely democratic countries, a more rapidly deteriorating environment, and a less stable world. Compare modes of globalization between Costa Rica and the United States or China.