Ahmad, the president of Jeddah Waterpower company, was worried about the possibility of a takeover attempt and the fact that the number of common shareholders has been decreasing since 1983. Suppose he instructed you to study the number of common shareholders since 1968 and be prepared to compute a forecast for 1996. You decide to investigate three potential predictor variables: earnings per share (common), dividends per share (common), and payout ratio. You collect the data from 1968 to 1995, as shown in Table below.

a. Apply Artificial neural networks, and a neuro-fuzzy approach to develop a small expert system.

b. Show the details of training testing and validation process vs. mean square error

c. Estimate the training outcomes using random input data for the period of 1968 and 199, analyse the Mean Average Percentage Deviation

d. Analyse the network's error, choose the best model.

Year	Common shareholder, Y	Earnings per share, $, X1	Dividends per share, $, X2	Payout ratio, X3
1968	26,472	1.68	1.21	72
1969	28,770	1.7	1.28	73
1970	29,681	1.8	1.32	73
1971	30,481	1.86	1.36	72
1972	30,111	1.96	1.39	71
1973	31,052	2.02	1.44	71
1974	30,845	2.11	1.49	71
1975	32,012	2.42	1.53	63
1976	32,846	2.79	1.65	55
1977	32,909	2.38	1.76	74
1978	34,593	2.95	1.94	61
1979	34,359	2.78	2.08	75
1980	36,161	2.33	2.16	93
1981	38,892	3.29	2.28	69
1982	46,278	3.17	2.4	76
1983	47,672	3.02	2.48	82
1984	45,462	2.46	2.48	101
1985	45,599	3.03	2.48	82
1986	41,368	2.06	2.48	120
1987	38,686	2.31	2.48	107
1988	37,072	2.54	2.48	98
1989	36,968	2.7	2.48	92
1990	34,348	3.46	2.48	72
1991	34,058	2.68	2.48	93
1992	34,375	2.74	2.48	91
1993	33,968	2.88	2.48	86
1994	34,120	2.56	2.48	97
1995	33,138	2.82	2.48	88