Air Tampa has just been incorporated, and its board of directors is grappling with the question of optimal capital structure. The company plans to offer commuter air services between Tampa and smaller surrounding cities. Jaxair has been around for a few years, and it has about the same basic business risk as Air Tampa would have. Jaxair's market-determined beta is1.6, and it has a current market value debt ratio (total debt to total assets) of50% and a federal-plus-state tax rate of35%. Air Tampa expects to be only marginally profitable at start-up; hence its tax rate would only be30%. Air Tampa's owners expect that the total book and market value of the firm's stock, if it uses zero debt, would be $13million. Air Tampa's CFO believes that the MM and Hamada formulas for the value of a levered firm and the levered firm's cost of capital should be used because zero growth is expected. (These are given in equations VL= VU+ VTax shield= VU+ TD, rsL= rsU+ (rsU- rd)(1 - T)(D/S), and b = bU[1 + (1 - T)(D/S)].)

a.Estimate the beta of an unlevered firm in the commuter airline business based on Jaxair's market-determined beta. (Hint:This is a levered beta; use Equation b = bU[1 + (1 - T)(D/S)] and solve for bU.) Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to three decimal places.

b.Now assume that rd= rRF=11% and that the market risk premium RPM=7%. Find the required rate of return on equity for an unlevered commuter airline. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to three decimal places. %

c.Air Tampa is considering three capital structures: (1) $1million debt, (2) $5million debt, and (3) $7million debt. Estimate Air Tampa's rsfor these debt levels. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answers to two decimal places. 1.Air Tampa's rsfor $1million debt is %.

2.Air Tampa's rsfor $5million debt is %.

3.Air Tampa's rsfor $7million debt is %.

d.Calculate Air Tampa's rsat $7million debt while assuming its federal-plus-state tax rate is now 40%. (Hint:The increase in the tax rate causes VUto drop to $11million.) Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. % Compare this with your corresponding answer to part c. Higher tax rate -Select-keeps the sameincreasesreduces the financial risk premium at a given market value debt/equity ratio.