All EEO laws can be understood relative to job relatedness and associated employee qualifications or merit. Job relatedness and its cousin, business necessity, are the key, most legitimate bases for employment actions. What are "employment actions" (e.g., terms and conditions of employment), and why does it make no sense (in most cases, assuming no bona fide occupational qualification [BFOQ] exists) to base them on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, and/or disability?