Allison Welch and her colleagues (1998) investigated treefrogs that exhibit variability in the duration of their mating calls. Some male frogs croak longer than other males: Long Calls vs. Short Calls (LC vs SC).

The researchers collected eggs from a female and divided them into two groups. Eggs in the first group were fertilized with LC male sperm. Eggs in the second group were fertilized with SC male sperm. This design was replicated with additional females and their eggs.

Welch and her team then measured survivorship and growth in the offspring (tadpoles) from each of these treatment groups under both high- and low-food conditions. Below are data for the low-food (thus, unfavorable) and high-food habitats.

Offspring Performance	1995, low-food	1995, high-food	1996, low-food	1996, high-food
Tadpole survival: number alive	LC = SC	LC > SC	LC = SC	LC = SC
Tadpole growth: size	LC >> SC	LC = SC	LC > SC	LC >> SC
Post-metamorphic growth	No data	No data	LC >> SC	LC = SC

Answer the following questions:

Why were the eggs collected from a single female for each trial, while the source of sperm varied? What factor (variable) does this design control for?

From the overall results, which type of male (LC or SC) had "better" offspring? ____________

Under the "good genes" hypothesis of mate choice, which type of male does your team predict the females of this species likely favored?