Almonds R Us (ARU) processes and sells almonds. ARU buys almonds from California and roasts, seasons, and packages them for resale. Currently the firm offers 2 different types of almonds to gourmet shops in one-pound bags. The major cost is direct materials; however, a substantial amount of factory overhead is incurred in the predominantly automated roasting and packing process.

ARU prices its nuts at full product cost, including allocated overhead, plus a markup of 35%.

Data for the current budget include factory overhead of $3,110,002, which has been allocated by its current costing system on the basis of each products direct labor cost. The budgeted direct labor cost for the current year totals $600,000. The firm budgeted $6,000,000 for purchases and use of direct materials (mostly raw almonds).

The budgeted direct costs for one-pound bags of two of the companys almond products are as follows

	Salted	Sugar Roasted
Direct materials	$4.30	$3.20
Direct labor	0.40	0.40

Analysis of the current years budgeted factory overhead costs is as follows:

Activity	Cost Driver	Budgeted Activity	Budgeted Cost
Purchasing	Purchase orders	1,350	$595,998
Materials handling	Setups	1,650	679,998
Quality control	Batches	900	210,006
Roasting	Roasting-hours	97,000	970,000
Seasoning	Seasoning-hours	34,000	342,000
Packaging	Packaging-hours	26,000	312,000
Total factory overhead cost			$3,110,002

Data regarding the current years production of two of its lines, Salted and Sugar Roasted, follow. There is no beginning or ending direct materials inventory for either of these nut styles.

	Salted	Sugar Roasted
Budgeted sales	100,000 pounds	2,000 pounds
Batch size	10,000 pounds	500 pounds
Setups	3 per batch	4 per batch
Purchase order size	25,000 pounds	500 pounds
Roasting time	1 hour per 100 pounds	1 hour per 100 pounds
Seasoning time	0.5 hour per 100 pounds	0.5 hour per 100 pounds
Packaging time	0.1 hour per 100 pounds	0.1 hour per 100 pounds

1. Using ARUs current product costing system,
   1. Determine the companys predetermined overhead rate using direct labor cost as the single cost driver.
   2. Determine the full product costs and selling prices of one pound of Salted almonds and one pound of Sugar Roasted almonds.
2. Using an activity-based costing approach, develop a new product cost for one pound of Salted almonds and one pound of Sugar Roasted almonds. Allocate all overhead costs to the 100,000 pounds of Salted and the 2,000 pounds of Sugar Roasted