Alpine Products, Inc. wanted to develop a defined benefit pension plan for its employees. It proposed the following for the plan: 1. Employees would have to work for the company for 1 year to become eligible to participate in the plan. 2. The plan benefit formula provides a 3% per year of service for top executives and a 2% per year of service for rank and file employees. 3. Employer contributions only vest after 15 years of service by the employee. 4. It would use a "pay-as-you-go" system so that current contributions would be used to pay retiree benefits. Which of these provisions violates ERISA? Explain