Although hurricanes have increased in number, force and destructiveness over the past 40 years, one of the most devastating to a major American city was Hurricane Katrina, which led to widespread evacuation, deaths, and loss in the city of New Orleans. After Hurricane Katrina, amidst the humanitarian and compassionate responses from around the U.S. were opinions voiced by a smaller group of others sharing their judgement that there had been some form of "divine justice" in the devastation of that specific city. Below is an adapted version of the letter that was submitted to and published byRolling Stonemagazine in Katrina's aftermath. "Should any of us be surprised that the city is now in ruins? The citizens of New Orleans were basically asking for trouble, engaging in their wild excesses of drinking and drugging, sexual perversions, "girls gone wild", homosexuality, and other immoral behavior. In this world, people ultimately get what they deserve in life, good or bad. The people of New Orleans have only themselves to blame for bringing this outcome upon themselves through their actions. Had they observed basic rules of decency and lived a positive and ethical lifestyle like the rest of us moral Americans, they would not be dealing with the sad aftermath of this "divine message" from above."

Putting aside for a moment your sentiments about this letter, we want you to reflect on three social cognitive biases discussed in the until on social psychology:

(a) the "in-group/out-group" bias (b) the fundamental attribution error (c) the "just-world" bias

Questions

a) Firstdefinewhich of the three concepts you selected (in 1-2 sentences, maximum).

b) Describe where (exactly) in the above letter you saw this cognitive error / bias that you selected in Part 1 most clearly illustrated (quote a sentence or two from the letter - you can copy and paste if you like). Finally, explain why you think the passage / sentences you chose nicely captures this construct /