Question
Although there is a popular belief that herbal remedies such as Gingko biloba and Ginseng may improve learning and memory in healthy adults, these effects
Although there is a popular belief that herbal remedies such as Gingko biloba and Ginseng may improve learning and memory in healthy adults, these effects are usually not supported by well-controlled research (Persson, Bringlov, Nilsson, & Nyberg, 2004). In a recent study, a researcher obtained a sample ofn = 16 participants and had each person take the herbal supplement every day for 90 days. At the end of the 90 days, each person took a standardized memory test. For the general population, the scores on this memory test form a normal distribution with a = 50 and = 12. The sample of research participants had an average score of M = 54.
If one of the participants scored lower than the sample mean on the memory test, if you transformed their raw score into a z-score, what would be true about that score?
1. The z-score would be negative
2. The z-score would be positive
3. The sign does not matter for a z-score
4. The z-score could be negative or positive
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