Amanda purchased a variable annuity and a fixed annuity in the same calendar year from the same insurer. She paid $50,000 for each contract. The cash value of the variable annuity has declined to $45,000, while the cash value of the fixed annuity has increased to $60,000. She took a $15,000 cash value withdrawal from the variable annuity; she had never previously taken a distribution from either annuity. How much of the withdrawal, if any, must she include in her income?

• a. $0
• b. $5,000
• c. $10,000
• d. $15,000