Americans were shocked and searching for answers when Adam Lanza, 20, shot and killed 20 children, six Sandy Hook Elementary School staff members, his mother, and himself in Newtown, Connecticut, on December 14, 2012. Lanza reportedly was "enthralled\" by violent video games, including one called School Shooting, although the state's official investigation of the shooting was unable to establish a motive for his behavior. Even though video games are subject to an industrywide rating system, a number of states have also legislated restrictions on minors' access to violent video games. California, for example, approved a 2005 law forbidding the sale or rental of violent video games to minors. The video game industry sued to block the law; that challenge reached the U.S. Supreme Court in 2011, where the California law was struck down as a violation of free speech rights.1 The Court ruled that the statute was a content-based restraint on speech requiring California to establish a compelling reason for the law; a standard the state could not satisfy. Studies linking violent video games and harm to children, the Court concluded, have not established a clear causal relationship between the two. The majority further reasoned that video games are like books, plays, and other forms of protected expression. Video games, they said, communicate ideas and even social messages. While the state has the power to protect children, that power does not extend to restricting the ideas children can receive. Some justices pointed specifically to the vagueness of the law that left uncertainty about which games would have been restricted by the law. Scholarly Evidence ? While the Supreme Court concluded that California failed to show a sufficient link between violent video games and damage to children, some recent evidence is disquieting. A 2015 American Psychological Association task force reviewed more than 150 studies and concluded that playing violent video games is linked to increased aggression and decreased prosocial behavior in children. The evidence was insufficient, however, to reach a conclusion about a link between playing violent games and engaging criminal violence or delinquency. Other factors such as depression and trouble at home also influenced aggression.g [For the Entertainment Software Rating Board, see www.esrb.orgndex-jjp]. I] E E platformvirdocscom (3 (D [I] + E] H Search Results | 00... G Chegg Search @ 2022_01TERM_CB... G REGULATE VIDEO... ti Mail - Norma Perez... Course: 2022_01TE... :3 how lo screen shot... >