An academic is interested in whether international collaboration, measured by the international co-publication rate, is associated with a higher quality of scientific work, measured by the relative impact factor of the publication. The EXCEL file InternationalCollaborations.xlsx contains the international co-publication rate and the relative impact factor of 36 randomly sampled journal articles, and this is Sample a:

\fFigure 1 Figure 2 O CO WO Frequency 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Relative impact factor O O O O -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Residuals international co-publication rate Figure 3 O 0.3 O Residuals O -0.1 O 0.3 O 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 international co-publication rate