1. An adverse material usage variance could be caused by which of the following?
   1. The storeroom supplying less material than is required by production
   2. The purchase of cheap material
   3. Poorly maintained machinery
   4. A series of short deliveries

1. Items 1 and 2 only
2. Items 2 and 3 only
3. Items 3 and 4 only
4. Items 1 and 4 only.

2. Which of the following situations is likely to cause adverse material usage variance?
   1. A shortage of the material used
   2. Employing unskilled machine operators
   3. Machinery idle time
   4. Limited storage space