An alternative means of representing space can utilize a topological graph, which is a network of nodes that represent

places

$,$ and edges that represent

borders

$.$ The experiment by Warren $(2019)$ is designed to test the theory that navigation strategies in

humans

are better explained by a topological graph, rather than a$($n$)$

Euclidean cognitive map

$.$ One of the mazes used in the experiment contains a wormhole. The purpose of the wormhole was to

investigate the ability of participants to utilize shortcuts

$.$