An article by Chancy, Mead and Schermann (2002) summarizes six government-wide ratios to measure fiscal distress and related financial risk factors of municipalities. One ratio provides an overall measure of financial position for the government. Two ratios provide measures of financial performance. A fourth ratio provides a measure of liquidity. Two final ratios provide measures of solvency. These ratios in comparison to the ratios measured for similar governments, combined with other useful information, provide a starting point for evaluating the overall financial condition of a governmental entity. The definitions and measurements of these ratios and factors are listed in the following table.

Please use the 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports (CAFRs) of the NewYork State to answer the following case questions.

Calculate the risk ratios for New York State, and answer

base on 2019 NewYork States CAFR

a. What conclusions concerning the citys financial position can be drawn from these ratios?

b. What conclusions concerning the citys liquidity can be drawn from these ratios?

c. What conclusions concerning the citys financial performance can be drawn from these ratios?

d. What conclusions concerning the citys solvency can be drawn from these ratios

Measures of: Financial Position Financial Performance Financial Ratios Calculation: Unrestricted Net Assets Expenses Change in Net Assets Total Net Assets General Revenues + Transfers Expenses Cash + Current Investments + Receivables Current Liabilities Long-term Debt Assets Change in Net Assets + Interest Expense Interest Expense Liquidity Solvency: Measures of: Financial Position Financial Performance Financial Ratios Calculation: Unrestricted Net Assets Expenses Change in Net Assets Total Net Assets General Revenues + Transfers Expenses Cash + Current Investments + Receivables Current Liabilities Long-term Debt Assets Change in Net Assets + Interest Expense Interest Expense Liquidity Solvency