An externality is Select one: C) a. A Pareto improvement. (3 b. rival and excludable. O c. A market failure. Compared to other pollution control instruments, minimum technology requirements have the following advantage: Select O ne: 0 a. They have lower monitoring. administering and enforcing compliance costs. C) b. They have higher monitoring' administering and enforcing compliance costs. C.) c_ They are quasimarket instruments If at a given level of emissions M the marginal benefits of pollution are less than the marginal damage from pollution. then A pure public good is Select one: CD a. non-rivalrous and non-excludable. C) b. rivalrous and excludable. O c. congestible. An allocation of resources is efficient if Select one: C) a. if it is always possible to make one or more persons better off without making at least one other person worse off. (-3 b. if it is not possible to make one or more persons better off without making at least one other person worse off. C) c. it is Pareto dominated A necessary condition for pollution abatement at least cost is that Select one: 0 a. the pollutant is uniformly mixing 0 b. the marginal cost of abatement be equalised over all abaters. O c. the total cost of abatement be equalised over all abaters. Codification of liability for environmental damage is Select one: Q a. an institutional approach to facilitate internalisation of externalities. O b. a command and control instrument (3 c. an economic incentive instrument