An historic case concerning jury selection, Avery v. Georgia, was brought to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1953. A jury in Fulton County, Georgia had convicted Avery, an African-American, of a serious felony. There were no African-Americans on the jury. At the time, there were 165,814 African-Americans in the Fulton County population of 691,797. The list of 21,624 potential jurors had 1,115 African-Americans. A jury pool of 60 people was selected, supposedly at random, from the list of potential jurors. (However, the names of black and white jurors had been written on different colored slips of paper.) This jury pool, from which the 12 actual jurors were selected, contained no African-Americans. Think about this as you answer the following questions using the binomial distribution. (Suppose a 12-member jury is randomly selected from the list of 21,624 potential jurors, of which 1,115 were African-American.)

1. Based on your calculations, using the list of 21,624 potential jurors with only 1,115 African-Americans, do you believe it would be reasonable that no African-Americans were selected for the jury pool?

2. Look at the population statistics again. There were 691,797 people in the county and 165,814 of them were African-Americans. What proportion was this? Round to two decimal places.

3. Using this proportion, calculate the probability that in 21,624 trials (the list of jurors), only 1,115 or less of them were African Americans.

4. Since we know our 24% to be true based on historical data, do you think that Avery had a case against the state of Georgia for not giving him a trial of his peers? Justify your response with a couple of sentences.

5. Look up the results. What did the Supreme Court decide about Averys trial? Was his felony conviction upheld or overturned?