ANALYSIS 1. Perform the momentum and energy calculations for the data tables using a spreadsheet. a. Determine the momentum (mv) of each cart before the collision, after the collision, and the total momentum before and after the collision. Calculate the ratio of the total momentum after the collision to the total momentum before the collision. Enter the values in your data table. b. Determine the kinetic energy (1/2 mv-) for each cart before and after the collision. Calculate the ratio of the total kinetic energy after the collision to the total kinetic energy before the collision. Enter the values in your data table. 2. For the system of cart 1 for each type of collision, does the momentum of cart 1 increase, decrease, or remain the same? Provide evidence. 3. For the system of cart 2 for each type of collision, does the momentum of cart 2 increase, decrease, or remain the same? Provide evidence. 4. For the system of cart 1/cart 2 for each type of collision, does the momentum of cart1/cart 2 system increase, decrease, or remain the same? Provide evidence. 5. For the system of cart 1 for each type of collision, does the kinetic energy of cart 1 increase, decrease, or remain the same? Provide evidence. 6. For the system of cart 2 for each type of collision, does the kinetic energy of cart 2 increase, decrease, or remain the same? Provide evidence. 7. For the system of cart 1/cart 2 for each type of collision, does the kinetic energy of cart 1/cart 2 system increase, decrease, or remain the same? Provide evidence. 8. Inspect the momentum ratios. Even if momentum is conserved for a given collision, the measured values may not be exactly the same before and after due to measurement uncertainty. The ratio should be close to one, however. Is momentum conserved in your collisions? 9. Repeat the preceding question for the case of kinetic energy. Is kinetic energy restored in the magnetic bumper collisions? How about the Velcro collisions and plunger? Classify the four collision types as elastic, inelastic, completely inelastic, or super elastic. EXTENSIONS 1. Using the magnetic bumpers, consider other combinations of cart mass by adding weight to one cart. Are momentum or energy conserved in these collisions? 2. Using the magnetic bumpers, consider other combinations of initial velocities. Begin with having both carts moving toward one another initially. Are momentum and energy conserved in these collisions? 18 - 4 Physics with VernierANALYSIS 1. Perform the momentum and energy calculations for the data tables using a spreadsheet. a. Determine the momentum (mv) of each cart before the collision, after the collision, and the total momentum before and after the collision. Calculate the ratio of the total momentum after the collision to the total momentum before the collision. Enter the values in your data table. b. Determine the kinetic energy (1/2 mv-) for each cart before and after the collision. Calculate the ratio of the total kinetic energy after the collision to the total kinetic energy before the collision. Enter the values in your data table. 2. For the system of cart 1 for each type of collision, does the momentum of cart 1 increase, decrease, or remain the same? Provide evidence. 3. For the system of cart 2 for each type of collision, does the momentum of cart 2 increase, decrease, or remain the same? Provide evidence. 4. For the system of cart 1/cart 2 for each type of collision, does the momentum of cart1/cart 2 system increase, decrease, or remain the same? Provide evidence. 5. For the system of cart 1 for each type of collision, does the kinetic energy of cart 1 increase, decrease, or remain the same? Provide evidence. 6. For the system of cart 2 for each type of collision, does the kinetic energy of cart 2 increase, decrease, or remain the same? Provide evidence. 7. For the system of cart 1/cart 2 for each type of collision, does the kinetic energy of cart 1/cart 2 system increase, decrease, or remain the same? Provide evidence. 8. Inspect the momentum ratios. Even if momentum is conserved for a given collision, the measured values may not be exactly the same before and after due to measurement uncertainty. The ratio should be close to one, however. Is momentum conserved in your collisions? 9. Repeat the preceding question for the case of kinetic energy. Is kinetic energy restored in the magnetic bumper collisions? How about the Velcro collisions and plunger? Classify the four collision types as elastic, inelastic, completely inelastic, or super elastic. EXTENSIONS 1. Using the magnetic bumpers, consider other combinations of cart mass by adding weight to one cart. Are momentum or energy conserved in these collisions? 2. Using the magnetic bumpers, consider other combinations of initial velocities. Begin with having both carts moving toward one another initially. Are momentum and energy conserved in these collisions? 18 - 4 Physics with Vernier