Analyze the following design variables: A researcher is interested in measuring the amount of instructional time of several students in sociology classes what type of class they have they organize them by 1.5 hours of week of class time and 3 hours of week of class time and are either in-person or onlinealong with analyzing their academic self-efficacy. This can be conceptualized as a 2 2 factorial design. Please indicate the DV of the study.

a) student engagement

b) type of class

c) academic self-efficacy

d) instructional time