Andy purchased 1,000 crates of 12 litre bottles of Canadian dry whisky from Bob in Canada, shipping between the 1st and 5th of December for delivery in the UK by the 17th of December at the latest. On December 12th, the cargo was put into the M.V. Yo Ho Ho. Bob signed shipping documents, including a clean bill of lading dated December 3rd for 1,000 cartons. Andy, who was completely unaware of the situation, paid for the paperwork. The cargo arrived on December 24th, too late for the Christmas trade, and demand for the alcohol decreased as a result. Andy had no choice but to sell it for a much cheaper price. Only 900 cartons arrive at Andy's house. It appears that 60 containers were stolen between the time they were stored in the docks warehouse and when they were shipped, and another 40 crates were damaged during the loading process. The carrier employed a company of subcontracted stevedores to load the ship. The bill of lading exempted the shipowner, agents, and stevedores from liability for cargo loss or damage while in storage or throughout the loading process. The HVR includes Canada as a signatory. Andy purchased 5,000 cane chairs c.i.f. Cardiff from Shanghai's Feng Shue. Feng Shue negotiated a multi-modal transport deal that allowed the carrier to trans-ship on any terms and conditions. The items were shipped to Singapore on the MV Canton under a carriage contract governed by English law and incorporating the HVR, and subsequently trans-shipped to Cardiff on the MV Ying Yang. The new contract of carriage, which was governed by English law, provided the carrier the right to discharge the cargo at any port of his choosing for any cause. When the captain learned of a meningitis outbreak in Wales, he opted to discharge the cargo in Cherbourg, France, where he was stopping with other cargoes. The cargo is stored in a warehouse and is subject to daily storage fees. The HVR has Singapore as a signatory. Andy ordered 10,000 cartons of sardines fob from Edith in Portugal for delivery to the cold storage facility in Swansea. The HVR is included in the carriage contract, which is governed by English law and jurisdiction. Andy has chosen the MV Lisbon to transport the cargo. The MV Lisbon strands on rocks as a result of poor navigation, and a number of sardine crates crack open as a result of the accident, destroying the contents. The sardines may not have split open if they had been put in heavier containers. The loading master had questioned whether the crates were strong enough, but after Edith persuaded him that they were common in the trade, he agreed to load the cargo and issue a clean bill of lading. However, as insurance, he insisted on Edith signing an indemnity clause so that his company could recover any losses incurred by the shipping company as a result of issuing the bill of lading. Assume that the Portuguese Maritime Code, Art 27 imposes strict obligation on marine carriers for cargo loss unless it is caused by force majeure. Andy paid 200,000 for a cargo of nitroglycerine from Sam, cif New York, USA, for delivery to Cardiff. The nitroglycerine cargo, which was prominently labelled "handle with care," was loaded onto the MV Smooth. Andy was named as the consignee on a marine weigh bill for cargo subject to English Law and Jurisdiction. During the cruise, the ship began to roll violently because the cargo was unevenly distributed, making the ship unstable. A case of nitroglycerine blew a hole in the vessel's side when it broke free from its lashings and exploded. The nitroglycerine would not have detonated if it had been stored in a cold store. The ship sailed to a safe haven port, where the cargo was unloaded and the voyage was abandoned. The damage to the ship was so serious that it had to be dismantled. Andy has now received a charge for 25,000,000 from the vessel's owner to cover the cost of the vessel, as well as related cargo and freight losses, on the grounds that the cargo was risky, which the owner was unaware of. The United States is a signatory to the Hague Rules, although the sea weight law does not include them.

Advise Andy in understanding his legal rights and responsibilities in light of the foregoing circumstances.

- there are many situations in this questions

- need to explain details