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ANOVA T1 Scale of student's mathematics self-efficacy Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 3.684 3 1.228 1.271 .282 Within Groups 4509.796

ANOVA

T1 Scale of student's mathematics self-efficacy

Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

F

Sig.

Between Groups

3.684

3

1.228

1.271

.282

Within Groups

4509.796

4669

.966

Total

4513.480

4672

Multiple Comparisons

Dependent Variable: T1 Scale of student's mathematics self-efficacy

Tukey HSD

(I) T1 School locale (urbanicity)

(J) T1 School locale (urbanicity)

Mean Difference (I-J)

Std. Error

Sig.

95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound

Upper Bound

City

Suburb

-.00853

.03565

.995

-.1001

.0831

Town

.07693

.05069

.427

-.0534

.2072

Rural

.03513

.04032

.820

-.0685

.1387

Suburb

City

.00853

.03565

.995

-.0831

.1001

Town

.08546

.04908

.302

-.0407

.2116

Rural

.04366

.03827

.664

-.0547

.1420

Town

City

-.07693

.05069

.427

-.2072

.0534

Suburb

-.08546

.04908

.302

-.2116

.0407

Rural

-.04180

.05257

.857

-.1769

.0933

Rural

City

-.03513

.04032

.820

-.1387

.0685

Suburb

-.04366

.03827

.664

-.1420

.0547

Town

.04180

.05257

.857

-.0933

.1769

T1 Scale of student's mathematics self-efficacy

Tukey HSDa,b

T1 School locale (urbanicity)

N

Subset for alpha = 0.05

1

Town

521

-.0056

Rural

1062

.0362

City

1349

.0713

Suburb

1741

.0799

Sig.

.227

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.

a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 957.699.

b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not guaranteed.

Question: Is there a relationship between a student's school location and the student's mathematical proficiency?

Hypotheses

H0: School Location does not affect Students Mathematical Self Efficacy

H1: At Least One Location Affects Students Mathematical Self Efficacy.

From the ANOVA Output we observe that (F (3, 4669)= 1.271, p = 0.282). Because the P-Value was higher than the alpha value of 0.05, the null hypothesis is accepted, and I conclude that school location does not affect a student's Mathematics Self Efficacy . In the 2nd table, I performed a Tukey post-hoc test to determine the size of the effect. The table, Multiple Comparisons, shows which groups differ from each other. The Tukey post-hoc test is usually the preferred test for conducting a post-hoc test with a one-way ANOVA (Wagner, 2020). The table reveals that there is not a significant difference in Mathematics Self Efficacy between the location groups in the city and the town (p = .427), as well as between the city and the rural setting (p = .820) and city and suburb (p = .995). Continuing to the Suburbs, there is not a significant difference between suburb and town (p = .302) and suburb and rural (p = .664). Finally, no statistical meaningfulness showed up between town and rural (p = .857). Table 3 shows that the significance value is .227 which is greater than .05 for all the three cases so therefore we can say that there is no such relationship between students location and mathematical self efficacy.

Is this a good summary for the above tables? Does this make sense?

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