Answer any four questions of the following list:

1- How do clustered systems differ from multiprocessor systems? What is required for two machines belonging to a cluster to cooperate to provide a highly available service?

2- What are the two models of interprocess communication? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches?

3- What resources are used when a thread is created? How do they differ from those used when a process is created?

4- Under what circumstances does a multithreaded solution using multiple kernel threads provide better performance than a single-threaded solution on a single-processor system?

5- Suppose that the following processes arrive for execution at the times indicated. Each processwill run for the amount of time listed. In answering the questions, use nonpreemptive scheduling, and base all decisions on the information you have at the time the decision must be made.

Process Arrival Time Burst Time P1 0.0 8 P2 0.4 4 P3 1.0 1

a. What is the average turnaround time for these processes with the FCFS scheduling algorithm?

b. What is the average turnaround time for these processes with the SJF scheduling algorithm?

6- Consider the following set of processes, with the length of the CPU burst time given in milliseconds:

Process Burst Time Priority P1 2 2 P2 1 1 P3 8 4 P4 4 2 P5 5 3

The processes are assumed to have arrived in the order P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, all at time 0.

a. Draw a Gantt chart that illustrate the execution of these processes using Round Robin Algorithm (quantum = 2).

b. What is the turnaround time of each process?

c. What is the waiting time of each process?