answer below questions based on the data provided in the lesson Week $7$ : Big data ethics and Privacy

Lesson One: Ethical considerations in big data analytics.

In this lesson, we will discuss the ethical considerations in big data and how they affect the

analytical process from initiation to insights. Big data analytics is a rapidly developing

phenomenon with unclear effects. Therefore, it is crucial for both big data users and those who

are the subject to its usage to identify and investigate its ethical implications. Start by reading

the suggested articles.

Ethics, Transparency, and Bias:

Ethical concerns

Big data analytics introduces a number of ethical concerns, particularly if businesses start selling

their customers' data for uses other than those for which it was originally obtained. The scope

and simplicity of analytics operations now significantly alter the moral foundation, and the ethical

and legal systems that currently exist cannot dictate what we should do$.$

PRIVACY:

Private information collected from a person with their consent should not be made available to

other firms or individuals for use in any way that could reveal their identity. Privacy does not

imply secrecy; as personal data may need to be audited in accordance with legal requirements.

For example, let$$s consider you enter your name and email address to subscribe to an online

newsletter. You agree that updates will be delivered to you on a regular basis using your data.

However, the newsletter company needs to make sure that none of the third parties receive

personal information about you $($without your consent$)$ that could lead to your identity being

discovered. Your privacy must be safeguarded at all times, including in the event that they must

audit subscriber data to ensure legal compliance.

CONFIDENTIALITY :

There should be limitations on whether and how sensitive data supplied by third parties is$,$ such

as financial or medical data that can be shared further. For example, Christina gives her health

insurance company her medical records so they can evaluate her coverage. In turn, the

insurance provider is responsible for making sure Christina's sensitive health data is kept

confidential and not disclosed to outside parties, such as marketing companies, who might

abuse it$.$

The difference between privacy and confidentiality:

The right of individuals to manage the use of their own personal information is known as

privacy. It has to do with honoring and preserving private decisions and data.

For example, a user expects an online service to respect their privacy by not disclosing their

email address to third parties without authorization when they join up$.$ Unless they get the user$$s

consent, they can$$t disclose the information to any third party.

On the other hand, confidentiality describes a person's, group's, or organization's duty to

safeguard personally identifiable information given to them and make sure that it is not

revealed to uninvited parties.

A doctor asking a patient to submit their medical history is an example of confidentiality.

Confidentiality requires the doctor to refrain from sharing this private information with third

parties.

Transparency:

Customers should be able to control the flow of their private information across huge, external

analytical platforms and have a transparent picture of how data is utilized. In other words,

consumers must have the right to know where their personal information goes and how

businesses use it$.$ This means that businesses need to provide a clear explanation of the

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customer's data journey, starting from the point of collection and continuing through any

processing, analysis, and sharing with third$-$party platforms. It's similar to providing clients with a

road map of the route their data has taken, enabling them to make knowledgeable decisions

related to their data.

For example, suppose hypothetically, we are talking about Amazon, an online store, as you all

know, where customers can purchase a variety of products. Imagine a new customer, Lea, who

decides to sign up to create an account at Amazon.com. Lea is prompted to input her name,

email address, shipping information, and probably the payment method she prefers. Look below

to see examples of what Lea may see while she is creating a new account:

Data Collection

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A pop$-$up window that reads, "Want to know how we use your information?" appears as soon as

Lea inputs her information. $$Go here by clicking." Lea clicks and is presented with an easy$-$tounderstand infographic explaining:

Her shipping information is used only to deliver her products.

Her name and email will be used to give her order confirmations and occasional discounts.

No personal information about her will be sold to outside advertisers.

Data Processing

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Lea discovers that her account settings include a section called "Your Data Journey". She can

view a timeline of the uses of her dataPlease read the following questions and indicate, either true or false, wh