Answer.......

Consider the 2-dimensional inputs Xi = (Xi 1, X;) . For the following these three SVM kernels: (1) Ki(X1, X2) = ((X1)2 - 10X])((X?)2 -10X3) (2) K2(X', X2) = ((X;)2 - 10X])((X?)2 -10X3)2 (3) K3(X1, X?) = (X1 - 5)(X1 -5) Are they proper kernels, and why