• Answer each question below. Show all work (e.g., show formula with numbers plugged-in)
• For multiple choice, circle or highlight your final answer.
• Permissible to discuss with another student, but each student must submit their own individual work.
• Submit your answers through iLearn by deadline. (Late assignments will not receive full credit.)
• Have a copy accessible during class to make revisions on if necessary

1. Researchers enrolled 2,100 women free of breast cancer in a study and followed them every year for four years to determine the incidence rate of breast cancer. After the first year, none had a new diagnosis of breast cancer, but 150 were lost to follow-up. After year two, three had a new diagnosis of breast cancer, and another 122 had been lost to follow-up. After year three, another eighteen had new diagnoses of breast cancer, and 602 had been lost to follow-up. After the fourth years, an additional 15 had new diagnoses with breast cancer, and 258 more had been lost to follow-up. (Show your work and label your calculations)
   1. Calculate theincidence rate of breast cancer among this cohort. Assume that persons with new diagnoses of breast cancer and those lost to follow-up were disease-free for half the year, and thus contribute year to the total person time each year. Show your answer per 1000 person-years(3 points)
   2. Assume you didn't have data about which women were lost to follow up, and only had data about new cases over the 4 years of the study. calculate theincidence proportion. Show your answer per 1000 population.(2 point)

1. Indicate whether the following is an incidence proportion, incidence rate, prevalence, or none of the three.(1 point each)
   1. Incidence proportion-total number of new cases occurring at set time / total at risk during the set time
   2. Incidence rate- number of NEW cases of a disease that occurred during set time
   3. Prevalence- number of affected persons present in the population

Number of women in town of Framingham who reported having heart disease in recent health survey

Estimated number of women residents of Framingham during same period

Answer:

Number of women in Framingham study who have died through last year from heart disease

Number of person - years contributed through last year by women initially enrolled in Framingham study

Answer:

Number of women in Framingham Study who have died through last year from heart disease

Number of women initially enrolled in Framingham Study

Answer:

Number of women in Framingham Study newly diagnosed with heart disease last year

Number of Women in Framingham study without heart disease at beginning of same year

Answer:

1. If you are given the task of allocating a total of $100,00 between three community health education programs, each targeting the management of a different chronic disease: 1. type 2 diabetes, 2. heart disease, and 3. asthma. You would like to allocate funding based on how many people the program will help. Which one of the following measures of disease would be themostinformative in helping you decide which program to allocate the most funding to?(1 point)
   1. Prevalence
   2. Incidence Proportion
   3. Incidence Rate
   4. Crude death rate
2. Use the following data to answer the questions 4A-D.(1 point each)

Total study population: 456

Cases of disease at the start of the study: 22

New cases of disease discovered after the study started, during the follow up period: 33

1. Calculate the point prevalence of disease at the start of the study and express it as a percentage.
2. Calculate the period prevalence of disease from the start of the study to the end of the study. Express the answer as a percentage
3. Calculatethe size of the population at risk for disease before follow-up started.
4. Calculate the incidence proportion of disease among the population at risk by the end of study follow-up, and express the answer as per 1000 persons.
5. How many person-months of follow-up total are displayed for the four people below?(2 point)

1. A total of 5,362 motor vehicle-related deaths occurred among people aged 16-24 and 4,753 motor vehicle-related deaths occurred among people aged 25-30. The estimated midyear populations for people aged 16-24 and people aged 25-30 were 327,000 and 299,250, respectively.
   1. Calculate the motor vehicle-related death rates among people aged 16-24 and among people aged 25-30. Express your answer per 1000 population.(2 point)
   2. What type(s) of mortality rates did you calculate above?(1 point)
2. True or False? The prevalence of a chronic disease in a population will be greater than the prevalence of a rapidly fatal disease in an identical population, given that the incidences of the two diseases are identical.(1 point)
   1. True
   2. False