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In a similar way, quantum coherence on the macroscopic scale is improbable, but not impossible. If the quantum wave natures of the individual bits of matter can be aligned into a coherent state, then quantum effects will become evident on the macroscopic scale. Below are some examples of macroscopic quantum effects.

• Superconductivity. When a conducting material is cooled enough, its conduction electrons spread out into large-scale coherent wave states. These coherent wave states are able to flow past impurities and atoms without being perturbed, so that a material with zero electrical resistance results. Superconductivity leads to interesting macroscopic effects such asquantum levitation (the Meissner effect).
• Superfluidity. When certain materials are cooled enough, their atoms can spread out into coherent wave states that resist surface tension, allowing the material to flow like a liquid with zero viscosity.
• Bose Einstein Condensates. When certain materials are cooled enough, their atoms spread out completely into a single, giant, coherent wave state. A macroscopic chunk of matter that has condensed in this way acts like a wave and exhibits wave properties such as interference.

Note that laser light is often mentioned as a macroscopic quantum effect. However, coherent light such as laser light is successfully explained by the classical Maxwell equations and therefore isnota quantum effect. However, the way laser light isproduced; through stimulated emission and a transition between discrete energy levels; is a quantum effect. But, stimulated emission in lasers is an atomic-scale effect and therefore does not make our list of macroscopic quantum effects. Similarly, there are many atomic-scale quantum effects that lead to results that are observable on the macroscopic scale, like the quantum effects that make modern computers possible. These effects are not really happening on the macroscopic scale. Rather, the effects happen on an atomic scale, and then the results of the effect are amplified to a macroscopic level.

questions

1. Management Reporting Systems (MRS) is the obsolete technology in reporting and management of operations in firms before the latter advanced; explain themeaningful aggregated form which initially helped the staff in the running of the operations in managerial accounting from such a technology

2. explain the functioning of theElectronic Funds Transfer (EFT) via technology in the monetary amount transmission in the assessment of the managerial accounting

3.in the initiation of the security alert, explain the extremely important feature of theEFT and its role in the managerial accounting

4.what are the guidelines that support the recommendation of the internal control guidelines for ATMs(3 points)

5.as a role of allowing interactive design in managerial accounting, explain how the Computer aided Design (CAD) can be utilized to achieve such

6.since the time of theRussell, Accounting for the factory of the future (1985);explain howFlexible manufacturing systems (FMS) have been used to achieve reprogramming in managerial accounting frameworks

7.what are the important basics of theMaterials Requirement Planning (MRP) in master production schedule for managerial accounting activities?

8. Just-In-Time (JIT) is a critical terminology in managerial accounting; propose the suitable definitionof the term as provided b the CIMA official

9.inorder to achieveprecise time required, explain the relevance of the JIT systems development in managerial accounting

10.what are the elementsof the JIT technology that can be applied to the Elimination of non-value adding activities?