Answer the following question after reading the case study below:

Question: In what respects are social goals being set back by government policies?

Reference Case Study-

Ethiopia is now experiencing economic growth, but until just over two decades ago, it was grappling with recurring drought and famine, combined with violent ethnic tensions. The famine of the 1980s precipitated the fall of the communist dictatorship that had ruled since the 1970s; 1991 saw the overthrow of the communist dictator and the ushering in of a new era of hope for the economy and new constitutional democracy. Under the political leadership of the dominant party, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), which is still in control, the country's economic accomplishments have attracted praise from all parts of the world. Economic growth has been in region of 10%, an unusually high rate for an economy without large energy resources. The economy has diversified away from its primarily agricultural base. Flower growing has become an important industry. The availability of low-cost labor has attracted manufacturers, including textile and leather companies. H&M, the world's second-largest fashion retailer, is now manufacturing in Ethiopia. The government is spending public money on health, education, agriculture and roadbuilding. One of the biggest projects is a huge hydropower project, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, which is government funded and will be the continent's largest such project. The government is both guiding development and becoming the largest investor in Ethiopia's future. The risks of drought remain, but it is hoped that there is now less risk of widespread famine. Ethnic tensions remain, and human rights issues are raising concerns.

With its strong state leadership driving economic growth, Ethiopia is an example of the development state, a model of development that has been successful among the emerging Asian countries, such as China. But China's development is guided by an authoritarian political system. Ethiopia has democratic political institutions, making its development policies potentially more accountable to a democratic electorate, while 'building capitalism from above' (KushKush, 2015). However, the formal democratic institutions are dominated by one party, the EPRDF; there is only one seat in the legislature held by an opposition member. The NGO, Human Rights Watch, has reported that political dissidents, such as bloggers, protesters and opposition parties, suffer from repressive tactics by the government (HRW, 2015). Moreover, the EPRDF is dominated by the Tigre ethnic group. The many other minority ethnic groups in the country are concerned about the authoritarian tendencies of the government.

Ethiopia remains predominantly a rural society. Four out of five Ethiopians live in rural areas, and agriculture accounts for half of the country's GDP. Despite the government's policies for improving well-being, its plans for regenerating agriculture have given rise to concerns of social justice. In southern regions of the country, where minority ethnic groups are prevalent, people have been moved away from their homes so that the land can be leased to foreign investors engaged in commercialized agricultural production. Some 1.5 million people have been forcibly moved to new 'model' villages in this process, which is effectively land clearance. The displaced groups complain that they have been moved to areas that are infertile and that have inadequate social services, schools and healthcare. They are left without their traditional agricultural livelihoods. These groups have little political voice and, although the constitution guarantees them the right to choose a livelihood, this seems to have been overridden in the interests of development at the national level. One displaced Ethiopian says of the new foreign investors, 'This is not the way for development. They do not cultivate the land for the people. They grow sorghum, maize, sesame, but all is exported, leaving none for the people' (Smith, 2015).

Despite its impressive economic growth, Ethiopia still has a lowly ranking of 173rd in the UN's Human Development Index (UNDP, 2015). Poverty remains an overriding issue. Although the percentage of people below the poverty line has fallen from 37% to 26% in the decade to 2014, the absolute number (25 million out of a total of 86 million people) is roughly the same, due to population growth. People hovering around the poverty line remain vulnerable to food insecurity. The UN has pressed for 'inclusive growth', but it finds that in Ethiopia, the benefits of growth have not been widely distributed throughout society. There are high rates of unemployment and under-employment in both urban and rural areas. Hence, poverty and international migration remain worryingly high. It urges policies that will promote private-sector economic activity, to create productive and sustainable jobs.

Ethiopia's GDP per capita is just $550. The government was aiming to raise Ethiopia to the level of a middle-income country by 2015. However, economic growth will not automatically resolve the inequalities: the people who are growing richer are mainly the business lites. The number of millionaires in Ethiopia grew 108% between 2007 and 2013 - the fastest growth in the number of millionaires of any African country. They are a tiny proportion of the population, only 2,700 people. For development to be sustainable, focus would need to shift to goals of raising levels of human development and inclusive growth.

Sources: UNDP (2015) 'National Human Development Report 2014: Ethiopia', at www.undp.org ; Dori, D. (2014) 'Ethiopia's "African tiger" leaps towards middle income', The Guardian, 22 October, at www.theguardian.com; KushKush, I. (2015) 'Ethiopia, long mired in poverty, rides an economic boom', New York Times, 3 March, at www.nyt.com; Smith, D. (2015) 'Ethiopians talk of violent intimidation as their land is earmarked for foreign investors', The Guardian, 14 April at www.theguardian.com; HRW (2015) 'World Report 2015: Ethiopia', at www.hrw.org.

• In what respects are social goals being set back by government policies?

Please answer Briefly with relevancy, read the case study first.