Answer the following questions using the stimuli provided and your knowledge of social studies. Social protection is due only to peaceful citizens; . . . . Is not the terrible war, which liberty sustains against tyranny, indivisible? Are not the enemies within the allies of the enemies without? The murderers who tear our country apart internally; the intriguers who purchase the consciences of the ICI people's agents; the traitors who sell them; the [mercenaries] subsidized (bribed) to dishonor the popular cause, to kill public virtue, to stir up the fires of civil discord, and to prepare political counter-revolution by means of moral counter- revolution-are all these men less to blame or less dangerous than the tyrants whom they serve? All those who interpose their parricidal [killing of a close relative] gentleness to protect the wicked from the avenging blade of national justice are like those who would throw themselves between the 1. It can be inferred that a problem of tyrants' henchmen and our soldiers' bayonets. All pre-revolutionary French society was the outbursts of their false sensitivity seem to me 1. the practice of anti-Semitism only longing sighs for England and Austria. 2. government based on merit Source: Maximilian Robespierre, Report on the Principles of Public 3. the lack of religious freedom Morality, February 5, 1794 4. a stratified social hierarchy 3. Robespierre's purpose in writing this speech 2. The lack of political importance of the Third was to Estate in pre-revolutionary France can be 1. promote peaceful measures to support attributed to republican government 1. being a small proportion of the population 2. create a movement to promote the natural 2. procedures of the Continental System rights of all citizens 3. the absolute power of French kings 3. justify the execution of those deemed to be 4. reactionary policies of the Congress of Vienna enemies of the republic 4. prevent the abuse of power by the revolutionary government 4. This document represents a turning point in the French Revolution as it indicates the 1. establishment of the constitutional monarchy 2. seizure of power by the radical Jacobins 3. reinstatement of the absolute monarchy 4. rise of Napoleon to prominenceThe Enlightenment . . . took a new world view; it involved the reevaluation of all values, established a new order of thought, and transformed the standards of humanity. The lead y. The leaders doubted the validity of old religious, ethical, and political systems, and turned from otherworldly and pessimistic ideas to a secular view of life and optimistic attitude toward the future. Source: Frederick B. Artz, The Enlightenment in France, 1968 5. The Enlightenment can be classified as a turning point in that it 6. Which action taken by an 18th century leader supports the ideas expressed in this passage? 1. ended nationalist movements in Europe 1. Louis XVI's requirement that the clergy and 2. began the transition from absolutism to nobility pay taxes. democracy 2. Robespierre's order that Marie Antoinette be 3. created the claim to power of the Catholic executed. Church 3. Napoleon's forceful seizure of power from 4. concluded the Protestant Reformation the Directory. 4. Catherine the Great's advancement of the education of women. A perfect woman and a perfect man should no How many women thus waste life away the prey more be alike in mind than in face, and perfection of discontent, who might have practiced as admits of neither less nor more. . . . In the union of physicians, regulated a farm, managed a shop, the sexes, each alike contributes to the common and stood erect, supported by their own industry, end but not in the same way. From this diversity instead of hanging their heads surcharged with springs the first difference which may be observed the dew of sensibility, that consumes the beauty to in the moral relations between the one and the which it at first gave lustre; nay, I . . . have seldom other. The one should be active and strong, the seen much compassion excited by the helplessness other passive and weak. It is necessary that the of females unless they were fair; then, perhaps one have the power and the will; it is enough that pity was the soft handmaid of love, or the the other should offer little resistance. .. . Once harbinger of lust. How much more respectable is this principle is established it follows that woman the woman who earns her own bread by fulfilling is specially made to please man. any duty, than the most accomplished beauty! Source: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Emile, 1762 Source: Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, 1792 7. Rousseau and Wollstonecraft disagree on the 8. Wollstonecraft's view on the concept of "natural 1. place of women in society rights" is that they 2. theory of divine right 1. must be earned by merit 3. authority of the Church 2. should be extended to women 4. importance of free trade 3. are meant specifically for men 4. have no place in society 61