*Answer the Question after reading

Chapter Five: "Of Property" from "Two Treaties of Government" (1690)

by John Locke

Sect. 27. Though the earth, and all inferior creatures, be common to all men, yet every man has apropertyin his ownperson: this no body has any right to but himself. Thelabourof his body, and theworkof his hands, we may say, are properly his. Whatsoever then he removes out of the state that nature hath provided, and left it in, he hath mixed hislabourwith, and joined to it something that is his own, and thereby makes it hisproperty. It being by him removed from the common state nature hath placed it in, it hath by thislaboursomething annexed to it, that excludes the common right of other men: for thislabourbeing the unquestionable property of the labourer, no man but he can have a right to what that is once joined to, at least where there is enough, and as good, left in common for others.

Sect. 28. He that is nourished by the acorns he picked up under an oak, or the apples he gathered from the trees in the wood, has certainly appropriated them to himself. No body can deny but the nourishment is his. I ask then, when did they begin to be his? when he digested? or when he eat? or when he boiled? or when he brought them home? or when he picked them up? and it is plain, if the first gathering made them not his, nothing else could. Thatlabourput a distinction between them and common: that added something to them more than nature, the common mother of all, had done; and so they became his private right. And will any one say, he had no right to those acorns or apples, he thus appropriated, because he had not the consent of all mankind to make them his? Was it a robbery thus to assume to himself what belonged to all in common? If such a consent as that was necessary, man had starved, notwithstanding the plenty God had given him. We see incommons, which remain so by compact, that it is the taking any part of what is common, and removing it out of the state nature leaves it in, whichbegins the property; without which the common is of no use. And the taking of this or that part, does not depend on the express consent of all the commoners. Thus the grass my horse has bit; the turfs my servant has cut; and the ore I have digged in any place, where I have a right to them in common with others, become myproperty, without the assignation or consent of any body. Thelabourthat was mine, removing them out of that common state they were in, hathfixed my propertyin them.

Questions

Q1. What Does Locke mean by "the state of nature?"

Q2. How is labor significant in his understanding of the state of nature?

Q3. What happens when you mix your labor with something in the commons?

Q.4 What are property rights?