Anteprima File Modifica Vista Vai Strumenti Finestra Aiuto 8 45% So Mar 17:39 Cerco in "Tutti i miei file" OO Question 1-6 (pagina 1 di 3) ~ Q. Ricerca Question 1-6 extremely effective in the population. Homework # 7 Activity 6.2 swer Does an Intervention Reduce Intent to Use Hands-Free Cell Questions 1 , 2 , 3, 4 Phones While Driving? 1. As and 6 only You are interested in conducting a study on effective ways of changing people's habits. Previous research has shown that it can be very difficult to change people's attitudes and behaviors. In fact, some attempts at attitude change can backfire and lead people to adopt B 1 a belief that is opposite of the persuasive message (Brehm & Brehm, 1981; Clee & Wick- Typ lund, 1980; Rains, 2013). You decide to use people's habits of cell-phone use while driv- ing a vehicle to investigate habit change. You use a documentary film on the dangers of cell-phone use while driving, which presents a cognitiveeurological explanation for why cell-phone use hinders driving performance, compelling data on accident rates, and tragic true stories. To determine if these scientific explanations, data, and personal anecdotes can change habits, you monitored 36 participants' cell-phone use while driving over the course of 1 week recording the number of times they used their phone while driving in N busy traffic conditions. Then all participants watched the film. A month later you again monitored their behavior recording the number of times they used cell phones in busy traffic conditions. The before and after data are recorded in a data file on the textbook 2. S 2 lake 3. E 8 A w X P N O LINE 200mwebsite. Based on your understanding of the existing scientific literature you expect the intervention will cause reduced cell-phone use. However, you also recognize that if the intervention increased cell-phone use the result would have important implications for the population. Pillar 1: Hypothesis Test With a Continuous p Value Step 1: Choose the Correct Statistical Test Why should you use a repeated measures f test in this research situation? a. There are two sample means, both coming from the same group of people, that is measured twice under different conditions. b. There are three sample means, each coming from three different groups of people. C. There is one sample mean and one population mean being compared. Step 2: Assess the Statistical Assumptions In this study, the same participants are measured twice and so the same people are in both conditions. Why doesn't this violate the assumption of independence? a. The assumption is that there is independence within conditions, not between conditions. b. The assumption of independence is not important for a repeated measures design. Step 3: Identify the Statistical Null Hypotheses When determining if a one- or two-tailed test is appropriate you need to consider what you would do if the result was the opposite of your scientific hypothesis. In this study, you expect the intervention to reduce cell-phone use, but finding an increase would also be an important finding. Therefore, in this situation you should use a a. one-tailed test. b. two-tailed rest. In this study, results in either direction would have theoretical implications for the population and so a two-tailed test is more appropriate. Which220 Part 2 . Applying the Four Pillars of Scientific Reasoning to Mean Differences of the following is the symbolic representation of the statistical mull hypothesis? 1. Hp - 0. b. HD * 0. Step 4: Graph the Data by Condition 5. A graph of the data created by JASP is below, but make sure you know how to create a graph using your software. The pattern of the means suggests the film may cell-phone use while driving in the population but you still need the statistical evidence. ACTIVITY FIGURE 6.2 a. reduce 6.0- b. increase Step 5: Computing the Related Samples t Test 6 If the null is true, you would expect the mean difference to be close to numerical value) and the obtained r to be close to (a numerical value). 4.8 7. Use computer software to compute a Before After related samples . What is the mean difference