Apple and Google work to maintain high-quality and low-cost operations. One ratio routinely computed for this assessment is the cost of goods sold divided by total expenses. A decline in this ratio can mean that the company is spending too much on selling and administrative activities. An increase in this ratio beyond a reasonable level can mean that the company is not spending enough on selling activities. Use Apple's financial statements in Appendix A. (Assume for this analysis that total expenses equal the cost of goods sold plus total operating expenses.) Required 1. For Apple and Google, compute the ratios of cost of goods sold to total expenses for Apple and Google during the fiscal years 2017 and 2016 2. Which company had a greater percentage reduction in selling and administrative expenses in 2017? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required 2 For Apple and Google, compute the ratios of cost of goods sold to total expenses for Apple and Google during the fiscal years 2017 and 2016. (Record answers as percents, rounded to one decimal.) Apple 2017 2016 1.9% % Google 2107 2016 % Rati cost goods sold expenses APE September 24, 2016 $ 20,484 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In millions, except number of shares which are reflected in thousands and par value) September 30, 2017 ASSETS Current assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 20,289 Short-term marketable securities 53,892 Accounts receivable, less allowances of $58 and $53, respectively 17,874 Inventories 4,855 Vendor non-trade receivables 17.799 Other current assets 13,936 Total current assets 128,645 Long-term marketable securities 194,714 Property, plant and equipment, net 33,783 Goodwill 5,717 Acquired intangible assets, net 2,298 Other non-current assets - 10.162 Total assets 375,319 46,671 15,754 2.132 13,545 8,283 106,869 170,430 27,010 5,414 3,206 8,757 321.686 S LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities Accounts payable $ Accrued expenses Deferred revenue Commercial paper Current portion of long-term debt Total current liabilities Deferred revenue, non-current Long-term debt Other non-current liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies Shareholders' equity Common stock and additional paid-in capital, $0.00001 par value: 12,600,000 shares authorized; 5,126,201 and 5,336,166 shares issued and outstanding, respectively Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Total shareholders' equity Total liabilities and shareholders' equity 49,049 25,744 7,548 11,977 6,496 100,814 2,836 97,207 40,415 241,272 37,294 22.027 8,080 8,105 3,500 79,006 2.930 75,427 36,074 193,437 35,867 98,330 (150) 134.047 375,319 31,251 96,364 634 128,249 321.686 See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. APPLE September 26, 2015 $ 233,715 140,089 93,626 Apple Inc. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In millions, except number of shares which are reflected in thousands and per share amounts) Years ended September 30, 2017 September 24, 2016 Net sales $ 229,234 $ 215,639 Cost of sales 141,048 131,376 Gross margin 88,186 84,263 Operating expenses Research and development 11,581 10,045 Selling, general and administrative 15,261 14,194 Total operating expenses 26,842 24,239 Operating income 61,344 60,024 Other income (expense), net 2,745 1,348 Income before provision for income taxes 64,089 61,372 Provision for income taxes 15,738 15,685 Net income $ 48,351 45,687 8,067 14,329 22,396 71,230 1,285 72,515 19,121 53,394 $ $ 9.27 9.21 $ $ 8.35 8.31 $ $ 9.28 9.22 $ Earnings per share: Basic Diluted Shares used in computing earnings per share: Basic Diluted Cash dividends declared per share 5,217,242 5,251,692 2.40 5,470,820 5,500,281 2.18 5,753,421 5,793,069 1.98 $ $ See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. September 26, 2015 $ 53,394 (411) 2,905 Apple Inc. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (In millions) Years ended September 30, 2017 September 24, 2016 Net income $ 48,351 $ 45,687 Other comprehensive income (loss): Change in foreign currency translation, net of tax effects of $(77), $8 and $201, respectively 224 75 Change in unrealized gains/losses on derivative instruments: Change in fair value of derivatives, net of tax benefit (expense) of $(478), $(7) and $(441), respectively 1,315 7 Adjustment for net (gains) losses realized and included in net income, net of tax expense (benefit) of $475, $131 and $630, respectively (1,477) (741) Total change in unrealized gains/losses on derivative instruments, net of tax (162) (734) Change in unrealized gains/losses on marketable securities: Change in fair value of marketable securities, net of tax benefit (expense) of $425, $(863) and $264, respectively (782) 1,582 Adjustment for net (gains) losses realized and included in net income, net of tax expense (benefit) of $35, $(31), and $(32), respectively (64) 56 Total change in unrealized gains/losses on marketable securities, net of tax (846) 1,638 Total other comprehensive income (loss) (784) 979 Total comprehensive income $ 47,567 46,666 (3,497) (592) (483) 59 (424) (1,427) 51,967 $ $ See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 3,586 Apple Inc. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (In millions, except number of shares which are reflected in thousands) Accumulated Other Common Stock and Comprehensive Total Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Income Shareholders Shares Amount Earnings (Loss) Equity Balances as of September 27, 2014 5,866,161 23,313 87,152 $ 1,082 $ 111,547 Net income 53,394 53,394 Other comprehensive income (loss) (1,427) (1,427) Dividends and dividend equivalents declared (11,627) (11,627) Repurchase of common stock (325,032) (36,026) (36,026) Share-based compensation 3,586 Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes 37,624 (231) (609) (840) Tax benefit from equity awards, including transfer pricing adjustments 748 748 Balances as of September 26, 2015 5,578,753 $ 27,416 92,284 $ (345) $ 119,355 Net income 45,687 45,687 Other comprehensive income (loss) 979 979 Dividends and dividend equivalents declared (12,188) (12,188) Repurchase of common stock (279,609) (29,000) (29,000) Share-based compensation 4,262 4,262 Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes 37,022 (419) (1,225) Tax benefit from equity awards, including transfer pricing adjustments 379 379 Balances as of September 24, 2016 5,336,166 s 31,251 S 96,364 634 $ 128,249 Net income 48,351 48,351 Other comprehensive income (loss) (784) (784) Dividends and dividend equivalents declared (12,803) (12,803) Repurchase of common stock (246,496) (33,001) (33,001) Share-based compensation 4,909 4,909 Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes 36,531 (913) (1,494) Tax benefit from equity awards, including transfer pricing adjustments 620 620 Balances as of September 30, 2017 5,126,201 $ 35,867 98,330 S (150) $ 134.047 (806) (581) - See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements September 24, 2016 21.120 September 26, 2015 $ 13,844 45,687 53,394 10,505 4,210 4,938 11,257 3,586 1,382 385 486 527 217 (51) 1,055 1.837 (1,554) (2,033) 65,824 417 (238) (3,735) (283) 5,001 1,042 9,058 81,266 (In millions) Years ended September 30, 2017 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the year 20,484 Operating activities: Net income 48,351 Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash generated by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 10,157 Share-based compensation expense 4,840 Deferred income tax expense 5,966 Other (166) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable, net (2,093) Inventories (2,723) Vendor non-trade receivables (4,254) Other current and non-current assets (5,318) Accounts payable 9,618 Deferred revenue (626) Other current and non-current liabilities (154) Cash generated by operating activities 63,598 Investing activities: Purchases of marketable securities (159,486) Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities 31,775 Proceeds from sales of marketable securities 94,564 Payments made in connection with business acquisitions, net (329) Payments for acquisition of property, plant and equipment (12,451) Payments for acquisition of intangible assets (344) Payments for strategic investments, net (395) Other 220 Cash used in investing activities (46,446) Financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of common stock 555 Excess tax benefits from equity awards 627 Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards (1,874) Payments for dividends and dividend equivalents (12,769) Repurchases of common stock (32,900) Proceeds from issuance of term debt, net 28,662 Repayments of term debt (3,500) Change in commercial paper, net 3,852 Cash used in financing activities (17,347) Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (195) Cash and cash equivalents, end of the year $ 20,289 (142,428) 21,258 90,536 (297) (12,734) (814) (1,388) (110) (45,977) (166,402) 14,538 107,447 (343) (11,247) (241) (26) (56,274) 495 407 (1,570) (12,150) (29,722) 24,954 (2,500) (397) (20,483) (636) 20.484 543 749 (1,499) (11,561) (35,253) 27,114 2,191 (17,716) 7,276 21,120 Supplemental cash flow disclosure: Cash paid for income taxes, net Cash paid for interest S $ 11.591 2,092 10,444 1,316 13,252 514 S See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Apple and Google work to maintain high-quality and low-cost operations. One ratio routinely computed for this assessment is the cost of goods sold divided by total expenses. A decline in this ratio can mean that the company is spending too much on selling and administrative activities. An increase in this ratio beyond a reasonable level can mean that the company is not spending enough on selling activities. Use Apple's financial statements in Appendix A. (Assume for this analysis that total expenses equal the cost of goods sold plus total operating expenses.) Required 1. For Apple and Google, compute the ratios of cost of goods sold to total expenses for Apple and Google during the fiscal years 2017 and 2016 2. Which company had a greater percentage reduction in selling and administrative expenses in 2017? Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required 2 For Apple and Google, compute the ratios of cost of goods sold to total expenses for Apple and Google during the fiscal years 2017 and 2016. (Record answers as percents, rounded to one decimal.) Apple 2017 2016 1.9% % Google 2107 2016 % Rati cost goods sold expenses APE September 24, 2016 $ 20,484 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (In millions, except number of shares which are reflected in thousands and par value) September 30, 2017 ASSETS Current assets Cash and cash equivalents $ 20,289 Short-term marketable securities 53,892 Accounts receivable, less allowances of $58 and $53, respectively 17,874 Inventories 4,855 Vendor non-trade receivables 17.799 Other current assets 13,936 Total current assets 128,645 Long-term marketable securities 194,714 Property, plant and equipment, net 33,783 Goodwill 5,717 Acquired intangible assets, net 2,298 Other non-current assets - 10.162 Total assets 375,319 46,671 15,754 2.132 13,545 8,283 106,869 170,430 27,010 5,414 3,206 8,757 321.686 S LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Current liabilities Accounts payable $ Accrued expenses Deferred revenue Commercial paper Current portion of long-term debt Total current liabilities Deferred revenue, non-current Long-term debt Other non-current liabilities Total liabilities Commitments and contingencies Shareholders' equity Common stock and additional paid-in capital, $0.00001 par value: 12,600,000 shares authorized; 5,126,201 and 5,336,166 shares issued and outstanding, respectively Retained earnings Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) Total shareholders' equity Total liabilities and shareholders' equity 49,049 25,744 7,548 11,977 6,496 100,814 2,836 97,207 40,415 241,272 37,294 22.027 8,080 8,105 3,500 79,006 2.930 75,427 36,074 193,437 35,867 98,330 (150) 134.047 375,319 31,251 96,364 634 128,249 321.686 See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. APPLE September 26, 2015 $ 233,715 140,089 93,626 Apple Inc. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (In millions, except number of shares which are reflected in thousands and per share amounts) Years ended September 30, 2017 September 24, 2016 Net sales $ 229,234 $ 215,639 Cost of sales 141,048 131,376 Gross margin 88,186 84,263 Operating expenses Research and development 11,581 10,045 Selling, general and administrative 15,261 14,194 Total operating expenses 26,842 24,239 Operating income 61,344 60,024 Other income (expense), net 2,745 1,348 Income before provision for income taxes 64,089 61,372 Provision for income taxes 15,738 15,685 Net income $ 48,351 45,687 8,067 14,329 22,396 71,230 1,285 72,515 19,121 53,394 $ $ 9.27 9.21 $ $ 8.35 8.31 $ $ 9.28 9.22 $ Earnings per share: Basic Diluted Shares used in computing earnings per share: Basic Diluted Cash dividends declared per share 5,217,242 5,251,692 2.40 5,470,820 5,500,281 2.18 5,753,421 5,793,069 1.98 $ $ See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. September 26, 2015 $ 53,394 (411) 2,905 Apple Inc. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (In millions) Years ended September 30, 2017 September 24, 2016 Net income $ 48,351 $ 45,687 Other comprehensive income (loss): Change in foreign currency translation, net of tax effects of $(77), $8 and $201, respectively 224 75 Change in unrealized gains/losses on derivative instruments: Change in fair value of derivatives, net of tax benefit (expense) of $(478), $(7) and $(441), respectively 1,315 7 Adjustment for net (gains) losses realized and included in net income, net of tax expense (benefit) of $475, $131 and $630, respectively (1,477) (741) Total change in unrealized gains/losses on derivative instruments, net of tax (162) (734) Change in unrealized gains/losses on marketable securities: Change in fair value of marketable securities, net of tax benefit (expense) of $425, $(863) and $264, respectively (782) 1,582 Adjustment for net (gains) losses realized and included in net income, net of tax expense (benefit) of $35, $(31), and $(32), respectively (64) 56 Total change in unrealized gains/losses on marketable securities, net of tax (846) 1,638 Total other comprehensive income (loss) (784) 979 Total comprehensive income $ 47,567 46,666 (3,497) (592) (483) 59 (424) (1,427) 51,967 $ $ See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 3,586 Apple Inc. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (In millions, except number of shares which are reflected in thousands) Accumulated Other Common Stock and Comprehensive Total Additional Paid-In Capital Retained Income Shareholders Shares Amount Earnings (Loss) Equity Balances as of September 27, 2014 5,866,161 23,313 87,152 $ 1,082 $ 111,547 Net income 53,394 53,394 Other comprehensive income (loss) (1,427) (1,427) Dividends and dividend equivalents declared (11,627) (11,627) Repurchase of common stock (325,032) (36,026) (36,026) Share-based compensation 3,586 Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes 37,624 (231) (609) (840) Tax benefit from equity awards, including transfer pricing adjustments 748 748 Balances as of September 26, 2015 5,578,753 $ 27,416 92,284 $ (345) $ 119,355 Net income 45,687 45,687 Other comprehensive income (loss) 979 979 Dividends and dividend equivalents declared (12,188) (12,188) Repurchase of common stock (279,609) (29,000) (29,000) Share-based compensation 4,262 4,262 Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes 37,022 (419) (1,225) Tax benefit from equity awards, including transfer pricing adjustments 379 379 Balances as of September 24, 2016 5,336,166 s 31,251 S 96,364 634 $ 128,249 Net income 48,351 48,351 Other comprehensive income (loss) (784) (784) Dividends and dividend equivalents declared (12,803) (12,803) Repurchase of common stock (246,496) (33,001) (33,001) Share-based compensation 4,909 4,909 Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes 36,531 (913) (1,494) Tax benefit from equity awards, including transfer pricing adjustments 620 620 Balances as of September 30, 2017 5,126,201 $ 35,867 98,330 S (150) $ 134.047 (806) (581) - See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements September 24, 2016 21.120 September 26, 2015 $ 13,844 45,687 53,394 10,505 4,210 4,938 11,257 3,586 1,382 385 486 527 217 (51) 1,055 1.837 (1,554) (2,033) 65,824 417 (238) (3,735) (283) 5,001 1,042 9,058 81,266 (In millions) Years ended September 30, 2017 Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of the year 20,484 Operating activities: Net income 48,351 Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash generated by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 10,157 Share-based compensation expense 4,840 Deferred income tax expense 5,966 Other (166) Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable, net (2,093) Inventories (2,723) Vendor non-trade receivables (4,254) Other current and non-current assets (5,318) Accounts payable 9,618 Deferred revenue (626) Other current and non-current liabilities (154) Cash generated by operating activities 63,598 Investing activities: Purchases of marketable securities (159,486) Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities 31,775 Proceeds from sales of marketable securities 94,564 Payments made in connection with business acquisitions, net (329) Payments for acquisition of property, plant and equipment (12,451) Payments for acquisition of intangible assets (344) Payments for strategic investments, net (395) Other 220 Cash used in investing activities (46,446) Financing activities: Proceeds from issuance of common stock 555 Excess tax benefits from equity awards 627 Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards (1,874) Payments for dividends and dividend equivalents (12,769) Repurchases of common stock (32,900) Proceeds from issuance of term debt, net 28,662 Repayments of term debt (3,500) Change in commercial paper, net 3,852 Cash used in financing activities (17,347) Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (195) Cash and cash equivalents, end of the year $ 20,289 (142,428) 21,258 90,536 (297) (12,734) (814) (1,388) (110) (45,977) (166,402) 14,538 107,447 (343) (11,247) (241) (26) (56,274) 495 407 (1,570) (12,150) (29,722) 24,954 (2,500) (397) (20,483) (636) 20.484 543 749 (1,499) (11,561) (35,253) 27,114 2,191 (17,716) 7,276 21,120 Supplemental cash flow disclosure: Cash paid for income taxes, net Cash paid for interest S $ 11.591 2,092 10,444 1,316 13,252 514 S See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements