Apple Inc. is preparing its financial statements for the fiscal year 2023. The following transactions and financial data are available:

Transactions (in $ millions)	Amount
Cash Sales	1,600
Credit Sales	800

Requirements:

• Prepare Apple Inc.'s income statement for 2023, focusing on operating expenses and net income.
• Calculate and interpret the current ratio and quick ratio.
• Discuss the accounting treatment of research and development (R&D) expenses.
• Analyze the impact of changes in fair value of available-for-sale securities.
• Prepare a statement of cash flows using the indirect method for Apple Inc.