Are babies who are exposed to music before their birth smarter than those who are not? And, if so, what kind of music is best? Researchers at the University of Wisconsin conducted an experiment with rats. The researchers selected a random sample of pregnant rats and divided the sample into three groups. Mozart's works were played for one group, a second group was exposed to white noise (a steady hum with no musical elements), and the third group listened to Philip Glass's music (very simple composition). The researchers then trained the rats to run a maze in search of food. The amount of time for the rats to complete the maze was measured for all three groups. Data was recorded for a total of 90 rats. Can we infer at the 5% level of significance that there are differences in the mean amount of time to complete the maze between the three types of music? Minitab gave the following result:

(Data can also be found in the Google Sheets MusicLinks to an external site. file or the file labeled music.xlsDownload music.xls if you want to practice replicating the results

Analysis of Variance

Source	DF	Adj SS	Adj MS	F-Value	P-Value
Factor		1913
Error		8727
Total

Grouping Information Using the Tukey Method and 95% Confidence

Factor	N	Mean	Grouping
Glass	30	59.70	A
White noise	30	58.80	A
Mozart	30	49.50		B

Mozart	White noise	Glass
61	69	65
32	57	50
56	66	65
61	36	57
49	54	44
48	62	72
43	65	53
49	47	47
36	63	81
63	62	47
53	53	68
44	47	48
36	44	61
55	56	76
54	54	65
42	56	53
38	64	47
46	76	62
47	58	64
59	63	58
70	57	75
49	52	52
38	65	64
45	58	59
60	55	69
41	76	55
24	75	57
53	62	49
68	60	60
65	52	68

What is the degree of freedom (DF) for Music Type/Factor/Treatment?

What is the degree of freedom (DF) for Error?

What is the degree of freedom (DF) for Total?

What is the mean square for Factor/Treatment (MST)? Round to 1 decimal place.

What is the mean square for Error (MSE)? Round to 2 decimal places.

What is the computed test statistic (F_c)? Round your final answer to 3 decimal places

What is the table test statistic? Approximate on table if necessary. Round your answer to 3 decimal places.